[MCQ] The prenatal period begins at:, Fertilization, Implantation, The fetal stage, Birth, [MCQ] The offspring is called an embryo during which time frame?, The first 4 weeks after birth, From fertilization to the end of week 8, Only during implantation, From week 8 until birth, [MCQ] Fertilization normally occurs in the ____, about ____ after ovulation., cervix; 30 hours, uterus; 7 days, ampulla of the uterine tube; 12–24 hours, ovary; 5 minutes, [MCQ] The enzymes that allow a sperm to erode the corona radiata and zona pellucida are contained in the:, Flagellum, Midpiece, Nucleus, Acrosome, [MCQ] After one sperm penetrates the oocyte, changes in the membrane and zona pellucida serve to:, Block the entry of additional sperm (prevent polyspermy), Secrete hCG, Begin cleavage, Trigger implantation, [MCQ] Fertilization produces a:, Morula, Haploid zygote with 23 chromosomes, Diploid zygote with 46 chromosomes, Triploid cell with 69 chromosomes, [MCQ] Cleavage is best described as:, The fusion of egg and sperm nuclei, The shedding of the endometrium, Meiotic divisions that increase cell size, Mitotic divisions in which cells become progressively smaller, [MCQ] Which structure implants in the endometrium around day 6–7?, Zygote, Blastocyst, Morula, Fetus, [MCQ] The trophoblast (outer cells of the blastocyst) develops into the ____ and secretes ____., placenta; hCG, inner cell mass; progesterone, umbilical cord; surfactant, amnion; oxytocin, [MCQ] The main role of hCG in early pregnancy is to:, Stimulate the let-down reflex, Maintain the corpus luteum so progesterone continues, Reduce alveolar surface tension, Trigger uterine contractions, [SATA] Which hormones increase during pregnancy and their listed effects are correct? (Select all that apply — more than one answer may be correct.), Progesterone — stimulates strong uterine contractions, Placental lactogen — promotes breast development, hCG — maintains the corpus luteum, Aldosterone — promotes fluid retention, Parathyroid hormone — maintains high blood calcium, [MCQ] During the fetal stage (week 8 to birth), which statement is TRUE?, All organs first appear during this stage, No ossification occurs, The name of the offspring is "embryo", Existing structures grow and mature; only a few new parts appear, [SATA] Which findings are associated with the fifth month of fetal development? (Select all that apply — more than one answer may be correct.), Vernix caseosa covers the skin, Fertilization occurs, The lungs first begin producing surfactant in large amounts, The mother may feel fetal movement, Fine hair (lanugo) appears, [MCQ] Which hormonal change is thought to help INITIATE labour?, Rising progesterone from the aging placenta, A surge in surfactant, Falling progesterone, which allows prostaglandin synthesis, A drop in oxytocin, [NCLEX] A labouring client’s contractions get stronger as the fetal head pushes on the cervix, causing more oxytocin release. This is an example of:, Positive feedback, A block to polyspermy, Cleavage, Negative feedback, [MCQ] Which hormone from the posterior pituitary directly stimulates the uterine contractions of labour?, Prolactin, Oxytocin, hCG, Estrogen, [NCLEX] After delivery, the nurse carefully inspects the expelled placenta. The priority reason is that retained placental fragments can cause:, Faster milk let-down, Polyspermy, Increased surfactant, A medical emergency (hemorrhage/infection), [NCLEX] A premature newborn has difficulty keeping the alveoli open. The nurse recognizes this is most likely due to a deficiency of:, Colostrum, Oxytocin, Surfactant, hCG, [MCQ] Why is a newborn especially susceptible to dehydration?, Prolactin is inhibited, The kidneys’ water-conservation mechanisms are not yet fully functioning, The lungs are not inflated, The placenta is retained, [SATA] Which are true of the Apgar score? (Select all that apply — more than one answer may be correct.), Each sign is scored 0, 1, or 2, A blue colour or poor breathing at first always means permanent damage, The maximum total score is 10, It assesses colour, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration, It is done at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, [MCQ] After childbirth, milk PRODUCTION is stimulated by ______, whose action is no longer inhibited once the placenta is delivered., hCG, Progesterone, Prolactin, Oxytocin, [NCLEX] A breastfeeding mother notices milk flows when her baby begins to suckle. This let-down reflex is caused by ____ released from the ____., estrogen; placenta, prolactin; anterior pituitary, hCG; trophoblast, oxytocin; posterior pituitary, [MCQ] Colostrum, the first milk, is best described as:, A watery fluid rich in proteins and antibodies (IgA), Produced only if the baby is premature, A high-fat milk that appears immediately at birth, Identical to mature milk, [MCQ] A newborn lives off which reserve for the first 2–3 days until the mother’s milk comes in?, Colostrum from the placenta, Stored fat (adipose tissue), Amniotic fluid, Surfactant, [MCQ] Which structure connects the fetus to the placenta?, Amniotic sac, Corona radiata, Cervix, Umbilical cord, [MCQ] The fluid that surrounds and cushions the fetus is the ____, held within the ____., amniotic fluid; amniotic sac, colostrum; placenta, exudate; uterine wall, chyle; cisterna chyli, [SATA] Which functions belong to the placenta? (Select all that apply — more than one answer may be correct.), Secretes hCG, Is formed from the trophoblast, Secretes placental lactogen for breast development, Produces surfactant for the fetal lungs, Secretes estrogens, [MCQ] Pregnancy continues for approximately how many weeks (from fertilization) before the birth process?, 32 weeks, 38 weeks, 44 weeks, 28 weeks

Development & Pregnancy

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