Context, Climate refugees are people forcibly displaced due to the far-reaching effects of climate change (Atapattu, 2020:86; Kent and Behrman, 2020:22). Ippolito (2024, pp.78-81) and McAdam (2020) advocate addressing this issue with non-refoulement, a fundamental principle of international law designed to protect refugees from being sent back to locations where their lives or liberty could be threatened., Mobile robots can be categorized as either indoor robots or outdoor robots according to their intended environment of operation, with indoor robots that operate in enclosed or narrow indoor spaces where a global positioning system (GPS) is unavailable (Niloy et al., 2021, p.35339). Indoor autonomous mobile robots have become a central focus for both researchers and practitioners because they can take over repetitive and boring indoor tasks, alleviate human labor demands, and boost operational productivity., Since the 1980s, many documentarians have represented reality in inventive ways, applying fiction film techniques like story-led narratives to nonfiction documentary films (Nichols, 2010, p.2; McDonald, 2007)., Hook, In recent years, these have been deployed across a wide range of fields, including warehousing, logistics, healthcare, restaurant service, and personal assistance, demonstrating their versatility and value in real-worlHowever, indoor navigation faces several challenges: environments are highly dynamic with moving people and obstacles, sensors are not reliable, and map update and planning latencies can lead to unsafe delays. Such difficulties point out the necessity for effective navigation and obstacle avoidance techniques to ensure safe and uninterrupted operation in complex and dynamic indoor environments., The number of such people is increasing as climate change intensifies, but existing international law does not directly prescribe a solution to this issue., However, scholars such as Eitzen (2018, pp.93-96) and Ellis (2021) have expressed concerns that these creative treatments may distort reality., Outline, Therefore, this essay aims to explore the effect of non-refoulement in protecting the rights of climate refugees. This essay first introduces the current situation and dilemma of climate refugees and then analyzes the potential benefits and limitations of non-refoulement., This essay examines whether the documentary Senna balances authenticity with fictional techniques by using Murray Smith's (1994) structure of sympathy, which outlines three levels of audience engagement with film characters, namely recognition, alliance and allegiance. The essay will begin by explaining the rationale for applying Smith’s theory, then analyze the filmmaker’s creative treatment and its influence on reality using the sympathy model., To support this central position, the essay will first outline the main challenges of indoor obstacle avoidance, which are unpredictable moving obstacles, map update latency, and sensor limitations. It will then present two AI-based solutions: deep reinforcement learning and supervised imitation learning and evaluate the advantages and limitations of each method., Position, The overall conclusion is that although non-refoulement can be used as an emergency measure to alleviate the problem of climate refugees to a certain extent, it cannot provide full protection for climate refugees due to the limitations of its protection scope., This essay argues that although artificial intelligence (AI) method has some limitations in obstacle avoidance for indoor robot navigation, these methods significantly improve the reliability and safety of obstacle avoidance in indoor robot navigation... Overall, while AI methods still face challenges, they offer more effective and safer solutions., This paper argues that the documentarian’s preference for Senna encourages sympathy, potentially distorting the depiction of the conflict between the two individuals.

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Environment - why is it a problem? Why is it beneficial?
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Debate topics - tourism
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Tourism; Pros and Cons, Facts and Environmental Impact.
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RO3 _For and Against Essay
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Environmental protection: discussion questions
Environmental protection: discussion questions
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