1) In the late 1800s, Mendel predicted the existence of units of hereditary information or factors. What do we call these units of hereditary information today? a) Chromosomes b) loci c) proteins  d) genes 2) Which term describes the form of a gene that produces a specific trait, such as eye color? a) gamete b) chromosome c) chromatid d) allele 3) Which term refers to a type of trait that is usually expressed only when an organism has two identical alleles for the trait? a) Heterozygous b) Dominant c) Homozygous d) Recessive 4) Suppose you cross a true-breeding blue flower with a true-breeding yellow flower. In the next generation, all of the flowers are blue. What does this outcome tell you about the allele for blue flowers? a) The blue allele is recessive to the yellow allele. b) The blue allele is dominant to the yellow allele. c) The blue allele shows incomplete dominance. d) The blue allele is sex-linked. 5) Which statement best explains why muscle cells and skin cells do not look and act the same? a) The genes in each type of cell are being expressed differently. b) The two types of cells have different genes. c) There is no similarity in the chromosomes of the two types of cells. d) All of the same genes are being expressed in both types of cells. 6) Gametes are produced by the process of a) mitosis b) meiosis c) crossing over d) replication 7) Unlike DNA, RNA contains a) adenine b) thymine c) uracil d) phosphate groups 8) What happens during the process of translation? a) Messenger RNA is made from DNA  b) The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. c) Transfer RNA is made from Messenger RNA d) Copies of DNA molecules are made. 9) What is produced during transcription? a) RNA molecules b) DNA molecules c) RNA polymerase d) proteins 10) Which of the following is the best physical description of a gene? a) A gene is a specific segment of DNA on a chromosome. b) A chromosome is a segment of a gene. c) Genes carry many chromosomes. d) A gene consists of all of the DNA on a chromosome.

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