L1 learning (Age) Learning starts when the learner is a baby, continues through the early years of childhood, and lasts intro adolescence for some kinds of language and language ____, e.g. ____ writing. Babies learn language at the same time as their ____ skills. Learners are ____ to learn language as they need to communicate. L2 learning (Age) Usually starts in primary school and/or secondary school. It may also start or continue in adulthood. ____ school learners have already developed many of their cognitive skills by the time they start learning a foreign language. Their attitudes towards learning and learning the foreign language may or may not be ____. ____ learners are still developing many of their cognitive skills. ____ learners have fully developed cognitive skills. They are likely to show ____ in their attitudes to language learning. Adult and some secondary learners may already have ____about how languages should be learnt, may have past ____ of learning a foreign language, and may or may not be fully motivated to learn the language. L1 learning (Context and ways of learning) By ____ to and ____ language, hearing the language around him/her all the time. By learning a lot of language in ____. By wanting and needing to communicate, i.e. with strong ____. Through ____ with family. By talking about things present in their surroundings, and by doing things. By listening to and taking in language for many months before using it (____). By playing and experimenting with new language. By having lots of opportunities to experiment with language. By getting lots of ____ for using the language. By hearing ____ speech. By rarely being corrected. Instead people often ____ what the child has said. L2 learning (Context and ways of learning) Sometimes through exposure but often by being taught ____ language items.-Often by focusing on ____ and individual words. With strong, little or no motivation to communicate. Through interaction with a teacher and sometimes with classmates. Often by talking about life outside the classroom. Often by needing to ____ language soon after it has been taught. Often by using language in ____ practice activities and being corrected. Sometimes by playing and ____ with new language. The learner is not ____ to the L2 very much – often no more than about three hours per week. Teachers vary in the amount of praise or encouragement they give learners. The learner may receive little individual attention from the teacher, and not interact much. Teachers usually ____ the language they use. Teachers often correct learners. Learners are often to produce ____ language. They may or may not be given opportunities to make mistakes and experiment.

Differences between L1 and L2 learning

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