Electromagnetic spectrum, The full range of electromagnetic waves ranging from radio waves, with the longest wavelength and lowest frequency, through T.V, microwaves, infra-red, Visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays, which have the shortest wavelength and highest frequency., Visible light spectrum, Portion of electromagnetic spectrum that humans are able to detect with the naked eye., Speed of light (in a vacuum or air), 300 000 000 ms-1 or 3 x 108 ms-1, Specular reflection, Incident ray is reflected at just one angle (equal to the incident angle)., Diffuse Reflection, Incident ray is scattered at many angles from the surface., Law of reflection, Angle of incidence = angle of reflection., Principle of reversibility, A wave which travels along any particular path from some point A to another point B travels by the same path when going from B to A., Concave, Surface that curves inwards., Converge, When rays meet at a point., Convex, Surface that curves outwards., Diverge, When rays separate from one another., Absorption, When (a particular frequency) of electromagnetic wave is taken in by the material (and converted to heat energy)., Reflection, When a (particular frequency of) electromagnetic wave returns from a surface., Transmission, When a (particular frequency of) electromagnetic wave passes through a medium., Additive colour mixing, Combining coloured light., Normal line, dashed line drawn perpendicular to reflecting surface from which angles are measured, Subtractive colour mixing, Combining pigments to absorb certain colours of light, Pigments, Chemical that absorbs certain colours of light and reflects/scatters/ others, Solar eclipse, When the Moon lines up directly between the Sun and the Earth casting a shadow on the Earth, fully or partially blocking the Sun's light, Lunar eclipse, When the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon, Umbra, Fully shaded inner region of a shadow associated with total eclipse, Penumbra, Partially shaded outer region of a shadow, Primary colours of light or secondary colours of pigment, Red / Green / Blue, Primary colours of pigment or secondary colours of light, Cyan / Magenta / Yellow, Angle of incidence, Angle between normal line and incident ray, Angle of reflection, Angle between normal line and reflected ray, Incident ray, Ray approaching surface, Reflected ray, Ray returning from surface after reflection, Mirror, Very smooth surface that reflects light specularly, Curved mirror, Concave or convex mirror

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