Evolution, change in the genetic makeup of a population over time; descent with modification, Natural Selection, A process which individuals that have certain traits tend to survive and reproduce in higher rates than other individuals because of those traits, Adaptation, modifications formed through natural selection that help an organism more fit in its environment, Fitness, The measure of an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, Genetic Variation, The differences between offspring in any generation., Selective Pressure, Factors that affect how well an organism's traits help it survive,, Artificial Selection, The selective breeding of organisms to encourage desirable traits., Convergent Evolution, The evolution of similar traits between different species., Analogous Structures, Features of different species that are similar in function, but are not derived from a common ancestor., Divergent Evolution, Species from a common ancestor become more unique from selective pressures. , Genetic Drift, The change of genetic variants based on random chance, Migration/Gene Flow, The movement of genes between populations, Homologous Structures, Similar structures between species that suggest a common ancestor between them, Vestigial Structures, A trait from a past ancestor that has lost its function and is usually reduced in size, Phylogenetic tree, A diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, Derived characteristic, A trait that arose a common ancestor and was passed to its descendants, Reproductive Isolation, The inability of a species to breed successfully with a related species. Can be geographical, behavioral, physiological, or from genetic barriers., Habitat isolation, Habitat preferences lower the probability of mating, Temporal isolation, Differences in the timing of critical reproductive events prevent closely related species from breeding., Behavioral Isolation, Mismatches in mating traits prevent mating between two species., Mechanical isolation, Physical incompatibility between reproductive organs of two organisms., Gametic Isolation, When an egg and sperm are released, but no zygote forms, Hybrid Inviability, A post-zygotic barrier that reduces a hybrid's capacity to mature into a healthy, fit adult., Hybrid Sterility, Inhibition of reproductive capacity in hybrids between different species., Hybrid breakdown, Reproductive failure after the second generation of hybrids, Allopatric Speciation, When a population becomes separated by a geographic barrier, Sympatric Speciation, Evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to live in the same area., Punctuated Equilibrium, Theory that species evolve rapidly between long periods of little to no change., Gradualism, Theory that evolution occurs from an accumulation of gradual changes, Adaptive radiation, A rapid increase in a number of species with a common ancestor..

Evolution

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