1) The following cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among six types of cats. According to this cladogram, tigers are more closely related to snow leopards than to jaguars. Which of the following statements provides the best justification for this relationship?  a) tigers are more recent common ancestor with snow leopards than with jaguars b) tigers share a common ancestor with snow leopards but not with jaguars c) both tigers and snow leopards are more closely related to the outgroup that jaguars are d) the branch of the cladogram with tigers is closer to the branch with snow leopards than to the branch with jaguars 2) The protein mTOR is a central regulator of cell growth and is highly conserved among vertebrates. Scientists compared the amino acid sequences of mTOR from five different vertebrate species, and recorded the number of amino acid differences in mTOR between each species pair. The results are shown in the table. Which of the following cladograms is best supported by the information in the table?  a) b) c) d) 3) According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to.... a) Amphibians b) Rodents & rabbits c) Crocodiles d) Birds 4) Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram? a) jaws b) mammary glands & hair c) terrestrial during all life stages d) bipedal & opposable thumbs 5) According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to - a) Amphibians b) Sharks c) Ray Finned Fish d) Crocodiles 6) According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human? a) crayfish b) rat c) perch d) frog 7) What trait separates sharks from ray-finned fish? a) Vertebrae b) Bony skeleton c) Four limbs d) None 8) Which cladogram best fits the data table? a) b) c) 9) The following table shows selected derived characters for a set of animal species. Based on the information in the table, which of the following cladograms best represents the evolutionary relationships among the species? a) b) c) d) 10) The following cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among several vertebrates. Selected derived characters are labeled on the cladogram. Based on the cladogram, which of the following derived characters is shared by orangutans and eagles but is not present in salamanders? a) bony skeleton b) two post-orbital fenestrae c) hair d) amniotic egg

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