Term: Independent variable, Controlled variable, Range, Valid conclusion, Validity of experimental design, Resolution, Anomaly, True value, Uncertainty, Measurement error, Systematic error, Random error, Accuracy, Precision, Repeatability, Reproducibility, Reproducible, Hazard, Risk, Control measures, Meaning: The variable that is selected by the investigator., A variable that should be kept constant. To make the investigation a fair test., The maximum and minimum values of the independent or dependent variables., A conclusion supported by valid data, obtained from an appropriate experimental design., Suitability of the investigative procedure to answer the question being asked. Strategies to ensure validity include fair tests and controls that aim to isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables., This is the smallest change in the quantity being measured by a measuring instrument that can be observed. For example ± 1mm on a 1 metre ruler., Value in a set of results which seems out of place especially within repetitions, This is the value that would be obtained in an ideal measurement., The interval within which the true value can be expected to lie, eg “the temperature is 20 °C ± 2°C"., The difference between a measured value and the true value., These cause readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made. Systematic errors can include the influence of the environment, the methods of observation or the instruments used. The effect of systematic errors cannot be reduced by increased repeats., These occur due to results varying in an unpredictable way from one measurement to the next. The effect of random errors can be reduced by taking more measurements and calculating a mean., A measurement result is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value., This shows the closeness of agreement between measured values. It gives no indication of how close results are to the true value., The precision obtained when repeat readings are obtained by a single learner/group., The precision obtained when repeat readings are obtained by a different learners/groups., A measurement is reproducible, if repetition by different learners/groups obtains the same or similar results., A chemical or piece of apparatus that could cause harm. It is expected that in risk assessments the nature of the hazard is also specified., An action involving a hazard that might result in danger., Something that can be done to reduce or prevent a risk while allowing you to carry out the experiment.,

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