Sifat means: A ____ that is given to each letter similar to personality traits in people. While several letters may ____ the same articulation point, their unique characteristics set them apart during pronunciation. For instance: Some letters are ____, others are heavy. Some require a ____, others are silent. There are ____ characteristics of letters ____ opposites: 1. The letters of ____ or Jahr 2. The letters of Shiddah or Rakhawah and Tawasut 3. The letters of Isti’la or Istifal 4. The letters of Itbaq or Infitah 5. The letters of idhlaq or Ismat Al-Hams means to ____. In tajweed, it means that the breath ____ when pronouncing the letter which has hams due to their ____ dependence on their makharij. According to Imam Ibn Al-Jazari there are ____ letters of hams. Jahr is the opposite of hams. Jahr means to announce something ____. In tajweed, it means that the ____ is ____ when pronouncing these letters due to their ____ attachment to their places of articulation. The letters of jahr are all remaining letters of the Arabic alphabet besides the letters of ____. Shiddah means ____. In tajweed, it means that the sound is ____ when pronouncing these letters due to their strong attachment to their places of articulation. According to Imam Ibn Al-Jazari there are ____ letters of Shiddah. Tawasut means ____. In tajweed, it means that this sifah is in-____ shiddah and rakhawah. Its sound doesn’t flow as in rakhawah, nor is it blocked as in jahr. According to Imam Ibn Al-Jazari there are ____ letters of tawasut. Rakhawah is the ____ of shiddah. It means ____. In tajweed, it means that the sound is allowed to ____ when pronouncing the letters due to their weak dependence on their places of articulation. According to Imam Ibn Al-Jazari there are eighteen letters of rakhawah. They do not include the letters of shiddah or tawasut. Isti’la means ____ and elevation. In tajweed, it refers to ____ most or some of the tongue when pronouncing its letters so that it touches the ____ palate. According to Imam Ibn Al-Jazari there are ____ letters of isti’la. Note: Scholars of Tajweed all agree that these seven letters have the characteristics of tafkim (said with a full mouth). Isti’fal is the ____ of isti’la, it means ____. In tajweed, it means that the ____ part of the tongue is not raised, but instead it lays ____ when its letters are being pronounced. The rest of the Arabic letters excluding the letters of isti’la. Itbaq means adhesion or to ____. In tajweed, it means that all the central part of the tongue ____ or covers the hard palate when pronouncing the letters that have this characteristic, where the letter is held between them. There are ____ letters of Itbaq. Infitah is the opposite of ____. It means to ____ or open. In tajweed, it means that the tongue keeps away from the upper palate, so allowing the breath to ____ through the mouth when its letters are being pronounced. The rest of the Arabic letters excluding the letters of itbaq. Idhlaq means sharpness, eloquence and ____ of the tongue. In tajweed, it refers to the ____ of pronouncing a letter due to it being easy to say since it is produced at the tip of the ____, or one or both of the two lips. According to Imam Ibn Al-Jazari there are ____ letters of idhlaq. Ismat is the opposite of Idhlaq. It means ____. In tajweed, it refers to the ____ in pronouncing the letter due to its place of articulation being ____ away from the tip of the tongue and the lip. According to Imam Ibn Al-Jazari there are twenty-three letters of ismat.

Unit 21 Sifat definitions

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