18,000 years ago - Evidence of habitation of Beringia and ice-free portions of present-day Alaska and the Yukon. Some archaeologists believe that people may have been living south of the vast ice sheet on Turtle Island., 11,000 years ago - Vast areas of the west coast and interior of Turtle Island are opened as the ice melted. Evidence suggests people travele through and settled in these areas., Approximately 10,000 years ago - Beaver River Quarry, north of the confluence of Beaver Creek and Athabasca River, a source of sandstone, is first used to make stone tools that are traded throughout the area and beyond., 9,000 years ago - First evidence of hunting mammoth, camel, muskoxen and horses on the banks of the St. Mary River, Approximately 8,000 years ago - Eagle Nest Portage Site, 125 km northwest of Fort McMurray, is first used as a summer residence where small groups of people gathered. People traded for goods like obsidian , Approximately 5,700 years ago - Head Smashed-in Buffalo Jump first used for hunting of bison from the vast herds on the plains. It is the biggest, oldest and best-preserved buffalo jump in North America, 5,000 years ago - People begain using the spear thrower, making hunting much easier and safer, as the hunter did not need to get so close to the animal., 4,500 years ago - Majorville Cairn and Medicine Whell is one of the oldest religious monuments in the world (in Southern Alberta), 3,500 years ago - Laidlaw Antelope Trap, enclosures with drive lands, first used for communal proghorn antelope hunting, Approximately 2,000 years ago - Ward Effigy Site is created, near Cluny, and contains the stone outline of a humaoid figure, possibly the trickster deity Napy, signifying one of his resting places as he traveled through the area. , 1,750 years ago - Balzac, near Calgary, first used as an important camp location for the people of the area as they hunged and gathered with the changing seasons., 1,390 years ago - Saamis site, Medicine Hat, first used as a winter and early spring campsite for large-sclae bison butchering and meat processing for many people., 1,000 years ago - First evidence of trade in stone tools, cooper and objects decorated with shells from as far away places like Oregon, North Dakota, Great Lakes, West Coast and the Gulf of Mexico., 1400 - Ross Site, on Oldman River, near Coaldale, first used in late spring, mid winter, late summer and early fall campsite. Site of tool manufacturing, animal butchering, meat roasting, marrow extraction, grease preparation and the production of ornamental goods., 1788 - Fort Chipewyan, overlooking Lake Athabasca, established as the centre of northern trade and become one of the riches trading post in North America. Sir Alexander Mackenzie began his Arctic and Pacific oceans expeditions in the 1780s and 1790s from here.,

Indigenous Timeline

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