L1 learning (Age) Learning starts when the learner is a baby, continues through the early years of childhood, and lasts intro adolescence for some kinds of language and language ____, e.g. ____ writing. Babies learn language at the same time as their ____ skills. Learners are ____ to learn language as they need to communicate. L2 learning (Age) Usually starts in primary school and/or secondary school. It may also start or continue in adulthood. ____ school learners have already developed many of their cognitive skills by the time they start learning a foreign language. Their attitudes towards learning and learning the foreign language may or may not be mature. ____ learners are still developing many of their cognitive skills. ____ learners have fully developed cognitive skills. They are likely to show maturity in their attitudes to language learning. Adult and some secondary learners may already have ____about how languages should be learnt, may have past ____ of learning a foreign language, and may or may not be fully motivated to learn the language. L1 learning (Context and ways of learning) By ____ to and ____ language, hearing the language around him/her all the time. By learning a lot of language in ____. By wanting and needing to communicate, i.e. with strong ____. Through ____ with family. By talking about things present in their surroundings, and by doing things. By listening to and taking in language for many months before using it (____). By playing and experimenting with new language. By having lots of opportunities to experiment with language. By getting lots of ____ for using the language. By hearing ____ speech. By rarely being corrected. Instead people often ____ what the child has said. L2 learning (Context and ways of learning) Sometimes through exposure but often by being taught ____ language items.-Often by focusing on ____ and individual words. With strong, ____ or no motivation to communicate. Through interaction with a ____ and sometimes with classmates. Often by talking about life outside the classroom. Often by needing to produce language soon after it has been taught. Often by using language in ____ practice activities and being corrected. Sometimes by playing and ____ with new language. The learner is not ____ to the L2 very much – often no more than about three hours per week. Teachers vary in the amount of praise or encouragement they give learners.

TKT Differences between L1 and L2 learning

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