What makes up the central nervous system (CNS)? - The brain and the spinal cord., What makes up the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? - Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and sense organs., How are messages transmitted in the nervous system? - Through electrical signals called nerve impulses., What are the three types of neurones? - Sensory neurones, relay neurones and motor neurones., What is the function of the sensory neurone? - The sensory neurone transmit nerve impulses from the sense organ or receptor to the central nervous system., What is the function of the relay neurone? - The relay neurone transmits nerve impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone., What is the function of the motor neurone? - The motor neurone transmit nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the effector., What is a synapse? - A synapse is the junction between two neurones where nerve impulses cannot cross directly., How does the nervous system process information to give rise to sensation? - Nerve impulses are transmitted in the sequence: receptor --> sensory neurone --> relay neurone in the spinal cord --> brain, How are voluntary actions initiated? - Nerve impulses are transmitted in the sequence: brain --> relay neurone --> motor neurone, How does a reflex action occur? - Nerve impulses are generated due to a stimulus in the order: receptor --> sensory neurone --> relay neurone --> motor neurone --> effector, What is a reflex action? - A reflex action is an immediate response to a specific stimulus without conscious control., What is an example of a cranial reflex? - Pupil reflex; accommodation reflex; blinking; salivation (occurs in the head), What is an example of a spinal reflex? - Moving of hands/legs from acute pain, heat or cold., What is a reflex arc? - A reflex arc is the shortest pathway that nerve impulses can travel from the receptor to the effector in a reflex action.,

The Nervous System - Flash cards

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