perioikoi - free inhabitants but not citizens - paid taxes and supported Sparta's army. Industry and trade, Spartiates (Equals) - full Spartan male citizens - full time soldiers, Helots - enslaved people who worked the land: produce supported the Spartiates, Ephors - 5 elders chosen from the Gerousia. Had power to keep kings in check, Gerousia - Spartan Council of Elders. 30 of them (including the kings). Could be voted for life after their military 'life' was over, Appella - Assembly of Spartiates. Could vote but no debate, Tyrtaeus - Spartan poet whose words encouraged warlike courage, kleros - allotment of land allocated to Spartiates and farmed by the helots, syssition - communal mess hall where Spartiate soldiers dined and made a contribution from his kleros, Lacedaemonia - the area around Sparta, oligarchy - rule by the few, timocracy - rule by people who are honoured, totalitarian - a form of government that exercises absolute control over all aspects of life,

Sparta

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