1) What is the primary purpose of the MapReduce programming model? a) To execute parallel processing tasks efficiently b) To improve network security c) To manage cloud storage d) To create virtual machines 2) In the MapReduce model, what are the two main phases? a) Map and Reduce b) Load and Execute c) Fetch and Store d) Sort and Merge 3) Which of the following is a widely used cloud-based MapReduce implementation? a) VMware vSphere b) Cisco Packet Tracer c) Apache Hadoop d) MySQL 4) What is a major research focus in MapReduce? a) Reducing physical server usage b) Optimizing resource efficiency and fault tolerance c) Eliminating the need for cloud computing d) Increasing security vulnerabilities 5) What is a common threat at the network level of infrastructure security? a) SQL injection b) Buffer overflow c) Cross-site scripting (XSS) d) Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks 6) Which security measure is commonly used to protect hosts in cloud infrastructure? a) Increasing physical access to servers b) Installing firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDS) c) Allowing unrestricted remote logins d) Avoiding security patches 7) Which of the following is a common application-level security risk? a) MAC Address Spoofing b) ARP Poisoning c) Man-in-the-Middle Attack d) SQL Injection 8) What is a fundamental aspect of data security? a) Increasing cloud storage capacity b) Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) c) Allowing unrestricted data access d) Avoiding data encryption 9) Which of the following is a key method for mitigating data security risks? a) Removing firewalls b) Disabling security logs c) Encryption and access control d) Using weak passwords 10) What is a major security concern for cloud service providers regarding data? a) Data breaches and unauthorized access b) Lack of storage space c) Limited bandwidth d) Outdated software licensing 11) What is the primary purpose of IAM in cloud computing? a) To replace firewalls b) To control and manage user access to resources c) To eliminate the need for authentication d) To reduce cloud storage costs 12) What is a key component of IAM architecture? a) Data compression techniques b) Hardware-based encryption only c) Authentication, Authorization, and Auditing d) Physical key management 13) What is the main goal of VM migration? a) To enhance hardware redundancy b) To balance workload and optimize resource usage c) To disable virtual environments d) To increase data storage capacity 14) Which cloud computing model provides Virtual Machine provisioning as a primary service? a) Software as a Service (SaaS) b) Platform as a Service (PaaS) c) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) d) Network as a Service (NaaS) 15) What is a fundamental component of cloud infrastructure? a) Virtualization b) Local-only data storage c) Physical-only networking d) Manual resource allocation 16) What is an IAM feature commonly provided by cloud service providers? a) Eliminating encryption b) Unrestricted data access c) Role-based access control (RBAC) d) Disabling user authentication

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