Define 'allele' - Different forms of (the same) gene, Define 'gene' - A section of DNA/of a chromosome that codes for one characteristic, Define 'genotype' - The combination of alleles you have for a characteristic i.e. BB, Bb or bb, Define 'phenotype' - Physical appearance or trait you have as a result of your genotype i.e. blue eyes, What is meant by the dominant allele? - The allele that only needs one copy to be expressed in the phenotype, represented with a capital letter., What is meant by the recessive allele? - The allele that needs both copies to be expressed in the phenotype. Represented with a lowercase letter., What is meant by a homozygous genotype? - A genotype with 2 of the SAME allele i.e. 2 dominant or 2 recessive., What is meant by a heterozygous genotype? - A genotype with one dominant and one recessive allele., What do we call the parent generation when doing genetic crosses? - The P generation, What do we call the first generation when doing genetic crosses? - The F1 generation, What do we call the second generation when doing genetic crosses? - The F2 generation, In a true-breeding cross, describe the genotypes of the parents? - One homozygous dominant and one homozygous recessive, In a true breeding cross, will all the F1 be heterozygous or homozygous? - Heterozygous, In a true-breeding cross, will all the F1 display the dominant or recessive phenotype? - Dominant., What is the expected ratio of dominant: recessive phenotype in the F2 generation of a true-breeding cross? - 3:1, Why is the predicted 3:1 ratio not always achieved in the F2 generation of a true-breeding cross? - Fertilisation is a random process with an element of chance.,

Variation and Inheritance

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