Ocean Basin, A large, bowl-shaped depression on Earth’s surface that holds the ocean. It includes the deep ocean floor as well as continental shelves and slopes., Euphotic Zone, The top layer of the ocean where sunlight can reach, allowing photosynthesis to happen. It usually extends down to about 200 metres and supports most marine life., Aphotic Zone, The deep part of the ocean below the euphotic zone where no sunlight can reach. It's completely dark and photosynthesis cannot occur, Latitude, A measure of how far a place is from the Equator, given in degrees. The Equator is 0°, the North Pole is 90°N, and the South Pole is 90°S., Angle of Insolation, The angle at which sunlight hits the Earth's surface. It affects how much solar energy an area receives., LOW angle of Insolation, Occurs at the poles: sunlight hits at 10 degrees to the surface of Earth so light is spread over a BIG area making it less intense, HIGH angle of Insolation, Occurs at the equator: sunlight hits at 90 degrees so is spread over a small area and is more intense, Poles, 90o Latitude: receive no sunlight at all for 6 months every year, very cold, Mid Latitudes, 40o latitude: these areas experience strong seasonal changes in temperature between Summer and Winter, Equator, 0o latitude: this is the equator it receives direct sunlight all year round so is very hot, Salinity, Measure of how much salt is dissolved into the oceans water in g/L this varies between 31 and 37, Density, Measure of how much matter is in a volume measured in g/cm3 , Evaporation, The process where liquid water turns into water vapour (gas) due to heat from the Sun. This removes fresh water from the ocean., Sea Ice Melting, This process occurs at the poles during Summer and adds fresh water into the ocean., Precipitation, When water condenses in the atmosphere and falls into the ocean as rain. This adds fresh water to the ocean., Brine Exclusion, As ice crystals grow they push out salt into the ocean because pure ice is made only of freshwater., High Density, LOTS of matter packed into a volume eg. solids, cold liquids, very salty liquid, Low Density, Not much matter packed into a volume eg. gasses, warm liquids, fresh water, Mixed Layer, Upper 200m of the ocean that is warm and less dense than layers below it, Deep layer, Bottom 1000+ m of water in the ocean that is dark, cold, and more dense than layers above it, Pycnocline, Layer of water between the mixed and deep layers where density suddenly changes, Thermocline, Transitional layer between the mixed and deep layer of the ocean where temperature changes from hot to cold, Halocline, Transitional layer between the mixed and deep layer of the ocean where salinity rapidly changes.

Ocean Composition

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