1) Mahatma Gandhi emphasized village development as the real progress of India. Which reasoning supports his view in today’s context? a) Urban IT hubs already sustain rural economy b) Two-third of India’s population still depends on agriculture c) Industrial development alone creates inclusive growth d) Agriculture contributes the largest share to GDP 2) Why did Self-Help Groups (SHGs) emerge as an alternative to formal credit? a) Formal banks demanded collateral, excluding poor households b) SHGs charge higher interest rates than informal sources c) SHGs restricted credit to only few members d) Formal credit system became obsolete 3) What is the main advantage of “Apni Mandi” and “Rythu Bazars”? a) They eliminate middlemen and raise farmer incomes b) They reduce consumer demand c) They are controlled entirely by the government d) They restrict participation of large farmers 4) Contract farming with fast-food chains is considered beneficial because: a) It discourages use of modern seeds b) It avoids government regulations c) It eliminates competition among farmers for growing the crops d) It ensures input supply and assured procurement at pre-decided prices 5) Animal husbandry contributes to rural stability because: a) It requires no investment b) It provides food, transport, fuel, and income simultaneously c) It reduces demand for agriculture d) It eliminates role of cooperatives 6) Which programme revolutionised India’s milk sector? a) Operation Greens b) Golden Revolution c) Operation Flood d) White Revolution II 7) Inland fisheries contribute about what share to India’s total fish production? a) 25% b) 35% c) 50% d) 65% 8) Horticulture contributes nearly what share of India’s GDP? a) 2% b) 4% c) 6% d) 8% 9) Which is a limitation of organic farming in India? a) Higher export demand b) Lower yields in initial years c) Excess mechanisation d) Availability of cheap organic manure 10) What is the global trend regarding organic food? a) Increasing demand and higher price margins (10–100%) b) Falling demand due to higher prices c) Organic farming is banned in developed nations d) Organic food sells cheaper than conventional food 11) Which factor best explains farmer suicides in recent decades? a) Low crop prices despite high debt b) Access to free storage facilities c) Excess profits from SHG loans d) Overproduction of horticultural crops 12) What explains the paradox of declining agriculture’s GDP share but stable population dependence? a) Full mechanisation of agriculture b) Migration of rural people to cities c) Overproduction of crops d) Lack of alternate employment opportunities 13) Assertion (A): Horticulture has improved economic conditions of small farmers. Reason (R): Horticulture provides only seasonal employment with low returns. a) Assertion is true, Reason is false b) Assertion is false, Reason is true c) c) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation d) Both Assertion and Reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation 14) Why has agricultural growth slowed post-1991 reforms despite liberalisation? a) Excessive subsidies b) Urbanisation of farmers c) Decline in public investment and infrastructure gaps d) Complete mechanisation 15) If farmers bypass middlemen through direct marketing channels, the impact is: a) Lower farmer income b) Reduced consumer choice c) Higher farmer income and fair pricing d) Weaker agricultural markets 16) What is the common objective of SAGY, SHGs, and Kudumbashree? a) Boosting exports b) Empowering local communities through inclusive rural development c) Attracting FDI in agriculture d) Promoting cashless economy 17) Which measure will best strengthen rural banking? a) Promoting deposit mobilisation and effective loan recovery culture b) Waiving all agricultural loans c) Eliminating commercial banks from rural areas d) Restricting rural credit to large farmers

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

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