How can alleles of the same gene be different? - They can have different bases, Gene - DNA that codes for RNA or Proteins, Homozygous - Two of the same alleles, Heterozygous - Two different alleles, Dominant - The allele that will always be visible in the phenotype when present, Recessive - The allele that will only be visible in the phenotype if two are present, Dominant Genetic Diseases - Disease will develop with the presence of one allele, E.g. Huntingtons, Recessive Genetic Diseases - Only develops in people that don't have the recessive allele, E.g. Cystic Fibrosis, Codominant Genetic Diseases - Heterozygotes have a different phenotype, E.g. Sickle Cell Disease, Autosomal Genetic Diseases - The disease causing gene is located on autosome, Sex-Linked Genetic Diseases - The gene is located on the sex chromosome, typically the X chromosome, Incomplete Dominance - When both alleles are visible in the phenotype (think cats with multiple fur colors visible), Codominance - When the alleles combine (red flower and white flower making pink flowering offspring), What do the lines in linked gene notation represent? - Chromosomes, Capital letters are representative of? - Dominant alleles, Lowercase letters are representative of? - Recessive alleles, Recombinants - when DNA on the same allele is separated and recombined, Crossing Over - when sections of alleles swap during meiosis, Unlinked Genes - Genes located on different chromosomes that are not dependent on each other, Linked Genes - Genes located on the same chromosome that are inherited together, Null Hypothesis - no significant difference between observed and expected results, Alternative Hypothesis - A significant difference caused by more than chance,

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