What was agreed about Germany at Yalta? (4 things) - (1) Division into 4 zones of occupation (2) punish war criminals (3) some reparations (4) no German army, What did Stalin promise not to do at Yalta? - Interfere with the Greek civil war, Which three Allied leaders were at Potsdam? - Truman, Stalin, Attlee, Three reasons why the Americans used the atomic bomb against Japan - (1) to end the war quickly / minimise US army casualties (2) to prevent the USSR joing the war in the Pacific and extending its sphere of influence (3) to demonstrate the power of the weapon - a threat to the USSR, What was 'slicing the salami'? - How the USSR took control over Eastern Europe by leaving the Red Army there, creating coalition governments and arresting political opposition before holding rigged elections, Name 5 eastern European countries that became communist after WW2 - East germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Armenia, Hugary, Define 'containment' without using the word 'contain' - The American policy to prevent the spread of Communism beyond the agreed sphere of influence, Who first used the term 'iron curtain' and when? - Winston Churchill, 1946, How did the Truman Doctrine develop the policy of containment? - It asserted that Communism flourished in poverty and instability so economic aid would help prevent countries from turning to Communism., What was the Greece and Turkey Aid Bill? - $400 million aid to help Greek monarhcists fight Greek Communists in the civil war, and to deter Turkey from allowing the USSR to access the Mediterranean via the Dardanelles., Who came up with the Marshall Plan? When? - Gen. George C Marshall, 1947, implemented Jan 1948, Which Eastern Bloc country tried to apply for Marshall Aid? - Czechoslovakia, What was Stalin's response to Marshall Aid? - He developed Comecon - to coordinate economic development in Communist states, What was Cominform? - The organisation used by the Kremlin to control and coordinate all Communist governments/policies throughtout the Soviet sphere of influence., Two reasons why Stalin blockaded West Berlin in 1948 - (1) He was angry about the cooperation m#between US/GB/French zones - Trizonia, joint currency (2) he wanted to force the Western Allies out of West Berlin, What was the response of the Western Allies to the blockade? - They initiated an airlift - 450 fdlights per day - to deliver essential food, fuel and medicines to the people of West Berlin, What was NATO and when was it formed? - North Atlantic treaty Organisation - April 1949, What was the purpose of NATO? - A defensive military organisation - "an attack on one is an attack on all", Name as many member states of NATO as you can - USA, Canada, Britain, France, Denmark, Belgium, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, the Netherlands, When did the Soviets develop their own atomic bomb? - 1949,

Conflict & Tension 1 1945-49

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