Precipitation falls onto the chalk escarpment., Some precipitation is intercepted by plants before it reaches the ground., The water reaching the ground infiltrates into the porous soil., Water percolates (moving through the soil) until it reaches the groundwater reserves., Chalk is permeable, so the water is able to flow downhill (throughflow)., At the base of the escarpment, the water reaches the impermeable clay of he vale., The water is unable to pass through, so rises (resurges) to the surface forming a (resurgent) spring., Humans often build spring line settlements these sources of clear water..

Spring Line Settlements

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