Kinetic energy, is energy of motion, Potential energy , is stored energy in a potentially usable form, chemical energy , is energy associated with atoms in a molecule, Mechancal energy, is energy possessed by an object as the results of its motion, Energy, is the ability to do work or bring about a change, Type of kinetic energy associated with random motion of molecules, Heat, Laws of Thermodynamics, First law of thermodynamics states energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another be created, Second law of thermodynamics, states energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy. No process is 100% efficient, Entropy, is the measure of disorder or randomness in a system, Gibbs free energy, Free energy is the amount of energy left to do work after a chemical reaction, Exergonic Reactions, are spontaneous reactions that release energy, Endergonic Reactions, require an input of energy for reaction to occur, Ribozymes, are RNA molecules that act as an enzyme and can catalyze chemical reactions., Enzymes , are molecules that speed up chemical reactions without being affected by the reaction. Typically, they are enzyme and can catalyze chemical reactions., Energy of activation, is the energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another, Cofactors, some proteins require ions or molecules called cofactors that activate the active sites., ATP Activation, Proteins may need to be activated by ATP to become active. Otherwise, they are inactive, Enzyme Inhibition, Occurs when a molecule binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity, Negative feedback, loops are a cell way of limiting production, Noncompetitive inhibition , the inhibitor binds to an allosteric site (not the active site), Competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to active site, Photosynthesis, is the process by solar energy converts carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, Plants, algae, cyanobacteria, are autotrophs, organisms that can capture energy and synthesize organic molecules from inorganic nutrients, Heterotrophs, are organisms that cannot synthesize organic compounds and must take in organic food, Stroma, is semifluid interior of a chloroplast, Thylakoids, are the flattened sacs within a chloroplast, location where light reactions occur, Carbon dioxide, enters a leaf through the stomata. The carbon dioxide then diffuses into the chloroplasts for photosynthesis, Chloroplasts have 3 pigments, Chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b, carotenoids, A photosystem , is a pigment complex (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the carotenoids)., Action spetrum, measures the effectiveness of different wavelengths toward photosythesis.

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