1) A vast amount of data is gathered on crime, using empirical methods and based on data gathered by many different __________ such as the police and the Criminal Justice System (CIS). a) public institutions b) private companies c) government departments d) official agencies e) social surveys f) observations 2) Advantages of official crime statistics: Data can be used to track both ________ in crime. a) norms and values b) patterns and trends c) gender and class d) right and wrong e) crime and deviance f) law and order 3) Advantages of official crime statistics: Crime statistics show social information such as the age and gender of those ________ of crime. a) imprisoned b) suspected c) accused d) convicted e) punished f) cautioned 4) Advantages of official crime statistics: Governments base _________ on official statistics and the effectiveness of policy can be tested by looking at crime rates. a) intermediate deprivation b) relative deprivation c) social deprivation d) funding e) law and order f) social policy 5) Advantages of official crime statistics: The data is easily accessible and is ________ to use because it is already in the public arena. a) valid b) unreliable c) invalid d) ethical e) reliable f) moral 6) Advantages of official crime statistics: Because the data is gathered by official agencies it will be reliable, and generally ________. a) invalid b) unreliable c) unethical d) valid e) ethical f) moral 7) Disadvantages of official crime statistics: We know about the ________ of crime. a) positives b) negatives c) truth d) dark figure e) validity f) reliability 8) The BCS of 1998 showed that people do not report crimes to the police if the crimes are viewed as trivial, embarrassing, the crime was _________ or people may have benefitted in some way. a) victimless b) ethical c) moral d) reliable e) violent f) fraud 9) Disadvantages of official crime statistics: The ________ do not record all crime that is reported.   a) crown court b) CJS c) prison d) police e) government f) authorities 10) Disadvantages of official crime statistics: Abbott and Wallace (1990) pointed out that _________ such as rape tend not to appear in crime statistics. a) public crimes b) personal crimes c) State crimes d) organised crime e) power crimes f) control crimes 11) Disadvantages of official crime statistics: Many actions become criminal and other become legal, often reflecting ________ in norms and values.  a) personal changes b) individual changes c) historical changes d) cultural changes e) economic changes f) social changes 12) Hobbs (1998) found that the police would develop _________ of crime control in which not all crimes were acted upon: a ‘blind eye’ might be turned in exchange for favours. a) sanctioned methods b) uniform methods c) unique methods d) infomal methods e) formal methods f) secretive methods

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