The thing the writer focuses your attention on. This could be character, setting or something else. - Focus, A change in focus, tone or setting. - Shift, When a word, image or idea is repeated. - Repetition, When the story suddenly shifts back in time to earlier events. - Flashback, The point of view from which the story is told. - Narrative perspective, A repeated symbol. - Motif, The way a sentence is put together: this could include length, word order or other features, such as lists. - Sentence structure, Hints about things that might happen later in the story. - Foreshadowing, Speech. - Dialogue, When the writer doesn’t give you all the information about characters, settings, or events. - Withheld information, A metaphor which is explored over several lines, or returned to later in a piece of writing. - Extended Metaphor, Placing very different words, characters or ideas near each other. - Contrast,

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