What is the “reptilian brain” and what does it do? - It is the most ancient part of the brain, shared with lizards and other early creatures. It handles basic regulatory functions such as temperature control, hormone release, and maintaining internal balance., What is the limbic system responsible for, and why is it considered a mammalian specialty? - The limbic system is responsible for emotions like fear, arousal, anxiety, and sexual drives. It is considered a mammalian specialty because reptiles show little to no emotional lives compared to mammals., What role does the cortex play in the triune brain model? - The cortex is the most recently evolved part of the brain, especially developed in primates and humans. It allows abstract thought, higher cognition, and can influence both emotional (limbic) and regulatory (reptilian) processes., How can the limbic system (layer two) influence the reptilian brain (layer one)? - Emotional states, like fear or stress, can cause the limbic system to activate the reptilian brain—e.g., making the heart beat faster in a threatening situation., How can the cortex (layer three) influence the limbic system (layer two)? - The cortex can create emotions from abstract situations, such as feeling sad from watching a movie or worrying about global events, even though they are not physically happening to you., How can the cortex (layer three) influence the reptilian brain (layer one)? - Abstract thoughts—like worrying about mortality—can cause physical reactions such as an increased heart rate, even though there is no immediate physical danger., Can lower layers influence higher layers? Give an example. - Yes. For example, hunger (reptilian brain) can make people more irritable and less charitable, influencing how the cortex makes moral judgments., How does stress show the influence of the limbic system on the cortex? - Stress or emotional arousal can make people act impulsively and make poor decisions, showing that emotions can override abstract thinking., How can the cortex consciously regulate the limbic system? - By recalling powerful memories—happy or traumatic—that evoke emotions and activate the limbic system., How can the cortex consciously affect the reptilian brain? - By thinking about disturbing topics (like mortality or climate change), the cortex can cause physical reactions such as increased heart rate., What is biofeedback, and how does it involve the triune brain? - Biofeedback is consciously using thoughts (cortex) to influence automatic processes (reptilian brain), such as lowering blood pressure or slowing the heart rate by imagining calming situations.,

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