Virus, An acellular infectious particle that requires a host cell to reproduce., Virion, A complete virus particle outside a host cell., Acellular, Not made of cells., Obligate Intracellular Parasite, An organism or particle that can reproduce only inside a living host cell., Host Cell, The living cell a virus infects and uses to reproduce., Pathogen, A disease-causing agent., Nucleic Acid, Genetic material found in viruses as either DNA or RNA., Retrovirus, An RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA from RNA., RNA Virus, A virus whose genetic material is RNA., Capsid, The protective protein coat surrounding a virus's genetic material., Capsomere, Protein subunits that make up a capsid., Viral Envelope, An outer membrane surrounding some viruses, derived from the host cell membrane., Glycoproteins, Surface proteins that help viruses attach to host cells., Attachment, The first step of viral infection when a virus binds to a host cell receptor., Penetration, The process by which a virus enters a host cell., Uncoating, The removal of the viral capsid to release genetic material into the host cell., Replication, The process of making copies of viral genetic material., Lysis, The bursting of a host cell to release viruses., Budding, A process where viruses leave the host cell by taking part of its membrane as an envelope., Bacteriophage (Phage), A virus that infects bacteria., HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), A retrovirus that attacks the immune system and causes AIDS., mRNA Vaccine, A vaccine that uses messenger RNA to instruct cells to make a viral protein and trigger immunity., Electron Microscope, A microscope powerful enough to view viruses.

Ch. 11

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