We use a passive infinitive form after modal verbs and verbs that are followed by the infinitive (e.g. need, want, hope), You could be given a promotion if you keep doing what you’re doing., I want the meeting to be finished by 4 o’clock today so I can leave early., We use a passive -ing form (being + past participle) after verbs which are followed by a gerund (e.g. avoid, keep..), I avoid being tagged in photos by not being on social media!, I’m really looking forward to being taken on a tour of the city., When we want to refer to the past, or a completed action at a future time, we use a perfect infinitive., I might have been sent the wrong item., My birthday seems to have been forgotten by my brother., When we want to refer to the past, we use a perfect gerund. It’s formed with having been + past participle., We don’t mind having been missed off the list once, but twice is annoying., I resent having been ignored for much of the meeting.

Passive rules

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