Creative destruction, The process where new innovations replace old industries or technologies, leading to progress but also the loss of outdated businesses, Economic growth, An increase in the production of goods and services in a country over time, usually measured by GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Stagnation, A period when the economy stops growing, showing little or no increase in jobs, income, or production, Technological creativity, The ability to come up with new ideas or inventions that use technology to solve problems or improve life, Self-sustaining, Able to continue or grow without needing constant outside help or resources, Social infrastructure, The systems and facilities that support people’s well-being and social needs, like schools, hospitals, and public transportation., Sustained growth, Economic growth that continues steadily over a long period without major interruptions., Institutional foundation, The basic systems, laws, and organizations that support how a society or economy functions., Incumbents, Existing businesses or leaders already established in a market or position, often facing challenges from new competitors., Protectionism, A government policy that protects domestic industries by restricting imports through tariffs or quotas., Deglobalization, The process of reducing global trade and economic interdependence, often to focus more on local or national economies., Technological progress, Improvements in technology that make production faster, cheaper, or more efficient., Disruptive innovations, New products, services, or technologies that completely change how an industry works by creating new markets and replacing older, established ones., Environmental activist, A person who works to protect the environment and raise awareness about issues like pollution, deforestation, or climate change., Trade union leader, A representative chosen by workers to protect their rights, negotiate better pay, and improve working conditions., Resistance, The act of opposing or fighting against something, such as a new policy, system, or idea., Innovation-driven economic growth, Economic growth that comes from new ideas, technologies, and inventions rather than just using more labor or resources, Nobel Prize, A prestigious international award given each year in fields like Peace, Literature, Medicine, and Economics for outstanding achievements, Institutions, Established systems or organizations that shape society’s behavior, such as governments, schools, or legal systems., Culture, The shared beliefs, customs, traditions, and values of a group of people that shape their way of life..

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