Geography, The civilization developed along a river valley that flooded yearly, Mountains surrounded the civilization, limiting travel, The climate was hot and dry with little rainfall, Fertile soil allowed for large-scale farming, Religion, People believed in many gods connected to nature, Priests led ceremonies in large temples, Religious festivals were held to honor the harvest, People believed in an afterlife with rewards or punishments, Achievements, The civilization developed a system of writing, Engineers built aqueducts to carry water, Scientists created early calendars to track seasons, Artists carved detailed statues and murals, Politics, A king or emperor had total control of the government, Laws were written and enforced by officials, The army protected the civilization from invasion, Leaders collected taxes from the people, Economics, Farmers traded surplus crops for tools and goods, Merchants traveled to exchange goods with other civilizations, Currency was used instead of only bartering, Markets were located in city centers, Social Structure, Society was organized into strict social classes, Nobles and priests had more power than farmers, Slaves had the lowest status in society, Occupation was often determined by birth.

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