1787, the year the Constitution was drafted, Alexander Hamilton, Leader of the Federalist and co-author of Federalist Papers, Anti-Federalist, opposed ratification of the Constitution, wanted a Bill of Rights, states rights, Articles of Confederation, first constitution, weak central government, couldn't tax or enforce laws, Bicameral, government body consisting of two separate houses, Bill of Rights, first 10 amendments in the Constitution added to protect individual rights, Central/ National/ Federal Government, government that runs the entire country, Congress, governing body of the federal government made up of Senate and House of Representatives, Constitutional Convention, 1787 meeting where delegates gathered to replace the Articles of Confederation, Due Process, legal procedures to protect fair treatment under the law, Executive Branch, branch of government led by the President that enforces the laws, Federalist, supported ratifying the Constitution and wanted a central government, Federalist Papers, written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay encouraging states to ratify the Constitution, Great Compromise, agreement that created the two governing bodies the House and Senate, House of Representatives, lower house of Congress, representation based on state population, James Madison, father of the consitution, helped write the Constitution and Bill of Rights, Judicial Branch, court system that interprets laws and decides if they follow the Constitution, Judicial Review, Supreme Court's authority to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional, Legislative Branch, lawmaking branch of government, Congress, Marbury v Madison, 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, New Jersey Plan, favored by small states, wanted equal representation for all states, Patrick Henry, Anti-Federalist who refused to support the Constitution without a Bill of Rights, Ratify, to formally approve or pass a legal document or amendment, Representation, elected officials acting and voting on behalf of citizens, Senate, upper house of Congress, each state gets equal representation (2 senators per state), Supreme Court, highest court in the United States federal judicial system, 3/5ths Compromise, counting every 3 out of every 5 enslaved persons for state taxation and representation, U.S. Constitution, supreme la of the land, establishing a federal government, Unalienable Rights, Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness or Property, Virginia Plan, representation based on state population, favored by large states

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