Allele, alternate forms of a gene, monohybrid, cross looking at one trait at a time, dihybrid, cross looking at two traits at a time, genotype, actual genetic makeup, phenotype, outward physical appearance, homozygous, alleles for a trait are the same, heterozygous, alleles for a trait are different, sex-linked trait, carried on the X-chromosome, point mutation, a gene mutation at one spot on a chromosome, frameshift mutation, a shift in the reading frame of a gene due to an insertion or deletion of a base or codon, substitution, a wrong base pair is substituted for another, gene mutation, affects a single gene, chromosome mutation, affects many genes on that chromosome, translocation, a broken piece of a chromosome is stuck to a non-homologous chromosome, nondisjunction, failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, trisomy, a condition with an extra chromosome for one pair, monosomy, a condition with a missing chromosome for one pair, somatic mutation, happens in body cells; does not get passed on to offspring, germ mutation, happens in reproductive cells; gets passed on to offspring, gene therapy, replacing or repairing faulty genes

Basic Genetics and Mutations

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