1) In industrial society, traditional patterns of employment helped people to create a strong sense of shared _______ through work, family and location. a) status b) culture c) experiences d) identity e) norms f) values 2) In industrial society people often lived and socialised in _________ close to their place of work. a) streets b) factories c) offices d) communities e) regions f) houses 3) In industrial society people were expected to stay in the same skilled or semi-skilled job for a lifetime, and work was closely linked to family and community ________. a) leaders b) centres c) assets d) tradition e) mores f) values 4) In (post)modern society, people have become more geographically and socially mobile, jobs are less secure, and families (traditional, extended and nuclear) are less _______. a) seen b) visible c) intense d) desirable e) frequent f) stable 5) In (post)modern societies more people are defining themselves based on what they _________ (buy), not on what they produce – this means the identities people can build are more varied. a) see b) want c) purchase d) consume e) earn f) desire 6) Willis (1990) suggest that work is now less satisfying because it often requires little ________. a) effort b) understanding c) knowledge d) reward e) wages f) skill 7) Because in (post)modern societies work is now less satisfying this leads to people using their leisure time to gain ________ and build their identity. a) status b) friends c) prestige d) rewards e) money f) satisfaction 8) Parker (1976) discovered three different patterns of integration between work and leisure. a) two b) three c) four d) five e) six f) seven 9) One of Parker's three types of integration between work and leisure:________ leisure and work are actively linked. a) The extension pattern  b) The neutrality pattern  c) The opposition pattern  d) The conflict pattern e) The consensus pattern f) The agreement pattern 10) One of Parker's three types of integration between work and leisure:________work and leisure may not be linked – their relationship is not planned. a) The extension pattern b) The neutrality pattern c) The opposition pattern d) The conflict pattern e) The consensus pattern f) The agreement pattern 11) One of Parker's three types of integration between work and leisure:________leisure and work are deliberately separated. a) The extension pattern b) The neutrality pattern c) The opposition pattern d) The conflict pattern e) The consensus pattern f) The agreement pattern 12) Parker: _________ people with high-status jobs often follow the extension pattern  a) underclass b) working-class c) middle-class d) upper-class e) ruling class f) precariat 13) Parker: _________ people in jobs that are not stressful or rewarding follow the neutrality pattern. a) middle-class and working-class b) working-class and upper-class c) upper-class and underclass d) underclass and middle-class e) middle-class and upper-class f) working-class and underclass 14) Parker: _________ people in tiring or dangerous jobs follow the opposition pattern to get away from the stresses of work. a) upper-class b) middle-class c) working-class d) underclass e) ruling class f) precariat 15) Sociologists have suggested that people do not feel constrained by social class, gender or ethnic background, and are now much more likely to build their identities through _________. a) ideology b) false consciousness c) collective unconscious d) symbolic consumption e) oppositional behaviours f) social solidarity 16) _________ argue that cultural industries make products based on what society actively decides to consume. a) Functionalists b) Marxists c) Feminists d) Pluralists e) Interactionists f) New Right 17) Some people want to consume lots of cultural products, but their freedom to choose is limited by lack of money.Bauman cals these people '_________'.  a) alienated consumers b) repressed consumers c) angry consumers d) exploitated consumers e) happy consumers f) consensus consumers 18) Some think that globalisation is bad news for ________ identities because everyone will experience the same, global culture a) regional b) national c) social class d) ethnic e) age f) gender 19) Hall (1992) argues that globalisation means people do not have to construct their identity based on where they live – the growth of the ________ means you can communicate with people and experience different cultures. a) mass media b) radio c) green washing d) internet e) TV f) advertising 20) Clarke and Critcher (1985) argue that _________ society controls the choices we make about leisure consumption. a) capitalist b) postmodern c) liberal d) democratic e) modern f) communist

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