1) ... to talk about something which happened in the past and is connected with the present: a) Mary has lived in London for many years. b) Susan has broken her arm, so she can't compete this Saturday. c) Mark has been to London, but he has never been to New York. d) Have you finished the exercise? 2) ...to talk about something which happened in the past and is still true: a) Mary has lived in London for many years. b) Susan has broken her arm, so she can't compete this Saturday. c) Mark has been to London, but he has never been to New York. d) Have you finished the exercise? 3) ...to talk about recent past actions: a) Mary has lived in London for many years. b) Susan has broken her arm, so she can't compete this Saturday. c) Mark has been to London, but he has never been to New York. d) Have you finished the exercise? 4) ...to talk about past experiences which refer to an unstated time in the past, often with ever or never: a) Mary has lived in London for many years. b) Susan has broken her arm, so she can't compete this Saturday. c) Mark has been to London, but he has never been to New York. d) Have you finished the exercise? 5) ...with just in positive sentences to say that something happened very recently (like minutes ago). Just is placed between has/have and the past participle: a) Mike hasn't just called. Can you ring him back, please? b) Mike has just called. Can you ring him back, please? c) Mike has called just. Can you ring him back, please? 6) ...with yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is placed at the end of the sentence: a) You have finished your homework yet. b) Have you finished your homework yet? I have finished it yet. c) Have you finished your homework yet? I haven't finished it yet. 7) ...with already in positive sentences to say that something happened before now (usually, earlier than we expected). Already is placed between has/have and the past participle: a) I've already had lunch but I'll join you for coffee. b) I haven't already had lunch but I'll join you for coffee. c) I've had lunch already but I'll join you for coffee. 8) ...with since + a moment in the past to talk about actions or situations that started in the past and still continue or are still true now. a) They have lived in London since 10 years. b) They have lived in London since 2012. c) They have lived in London since a few years. 9) ...with for + a a period of time to talk about actions or situations that started in the past and still continue or are still true now. a) They have lived in London for 10 years. b) They have lived in London for 2012. c) They have lived in London for I was a child.

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