cell theory - theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life, cytoplasm - jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles, organelle - membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell, prokaryote - cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, eukaryote - cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, virus - infectious particle made only of a strand of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, cytoskeleton - network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell, nucleus - organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA, golgi apparatus - stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins, vesicle - small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm, organ - group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions, organism - any individual living thing, cilia - short hairlike structures that cover some or all of the cell surface and help the organism swim and capture food, pseudopod - temporary extension of cytoplasm and plasma membrane that helps protozoa move and feed, bacteriophage - virus that infects bacteria, endoplasmic reticulum - interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins, mitochondria - bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA, vacuole - organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell, lysosome - organelle that contains enzymes, centriole - small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis, cell wall - rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria, chloroplast - organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll, cell membrane - double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell, phospholipid bilayer - molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; consists of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids, tissue - group of cells that work together to perform a similar function, organ system - two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions, capsid - protein shell that surrounds a virus, flagellum - whiplike structure outside of a cell that is used for movement,

Cell Structure & Function

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