Periodontium which includes?, Gingival, Periodontal ligament  Alveolar bone, Cementum, All of above, How many types of intra oral tissue?, 2, 3, 4, 5, What is the outcome of repair?, To restore functions, To restore tissue continuity, To restore functions and tissue continuity, To restore functions and tissue continuity, but with distortion or normal architecture, What is the outcome of regeneration?, The outcome of regeneration is no different from repair, The outcome of regeneration is different from repair, It is the response of tissue destroyed by an insult to a complete restoration of tissue architecture and functions. , None of above, The biggest different of outcome between repair and regeneration on tissue is tissue scaring.?, True, False, Tissue function, Distortion of connective tissue, Cells responsible for repair and regeneration consist of?, Mesenchymal cells and Parenchymal cells of the injury organs  Endothelial cells and Platelets, Macrophages, Platelets, All of above, Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: FGF, fibroblast growth factor.?, Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products., Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing  Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product., Growth and new generation of keratinocyte, Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells, Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: EGF, Epithermal growth factor?, Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products., Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing ., Growth and new generation of keratinocyte, Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells, Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product, Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: PDGF, Platelet derived growth factor?, Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products., Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing, Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product., Growth and new generation of keratinocyte, Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells, Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: KGF, Keratinocyte growth factor?, Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products., Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing, Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product., Growth and new generation of keratinocyte, Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells, Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor?, Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products., Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing, Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product., Growth and new generation of keratinocyte, Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells, Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: TGF-b, Transforming growth factor b.?, Promotion of wound healing., Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing, Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product., Growth and new generation of keratinocyte, Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells, There are two major factors influence repair and regeneration?, Systemic and local factors, Nutrition and infection, Metabolic and would characteristic like size and location, Hormonal and mobility, What are the 4 steps of responses of mucosa to damage?, Hemostasis, Inflammatory response, Proliferation, and Wound contraction, Inflammatory response, Hemostasis, Proliferation, and Wound contraction, Proliferation, Inflammatory response, Hemostasis, and Wound contraction, Wound contraction, Hemostasis, Inflammatory response, and Proliferation, The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product such as a protein?, Gene expression, Transcription, Transcription factor, Transcriptional regulation, Response element, The process of making messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase?, Gene expression, Transcription, Transcription factor, Transcriptional regulation, Response element, A protein that binds to DNA and regulates gene expression by promoting or suppressing transcription?, Gene expression, Transcription, Transcription factor, Transcriptional regulation, Response element, Controlling the rate of gene transcription for example by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA?, Gene expression, Transcription, Transcription factor, Transcriptional regulation, Response element, Activation, or promotion – increase the rate of gene transcription?, Upregulation, Downregulation, Corepressor, Coactivator, Repression, or suppression – decrease the rate of gene transcription?, Upregulation, Downregulation, Coactivator, Corepressor, A protein that works with transcription factors to increase the rate of gene transcription? Upregulation, Upregulation, Downregulation, Coactivator, Corepressor, A protein that works with transcription factors to decrease the rate of gene transcription?, Upregulation, Downregulation, Coactivator, Corepressor, A specific sequence of DNA that a transcription factor binds to?, Gene expression, Transcription, Transcription factor, Transcriptional regulation, Response element, Protein synthesis consist of 2 steps. What are they, and where do they take place?, Transcription occurs in nucleolus, and translation occurs in cytoplasm, Transcription occurs in cytoplasm, and translation occurs in nucleolus, Transcription and translation both occurs in nucleolus, Transcription and translation both occurs in cytoplasm, How many protein structure were classified?, 1, 2, 3, 4, Transcription factors sometime is called ?, Sequence-specific RNA-binding factors, Sequence-specific DNA-binding factors, Sequence-specific mRNA-binding factors, Sequence-specific tRNA-binding factors, Transcription factors is a protein that control the rate of transcription of genetic information from?, DNA to RNA, RNA to DNA, DNA to mRNA, DNA to tRNA, What are the function of transcription factors?, Regulate gene expression, Coactivator, Co-enhancer, Regulate in between coactivator and co-enhancer, Event during or following protein translation ?, Proteolysis and post-translatoinal modification, Proteolysis and modification, Proteolysis and protein folding, Post-translational modification and protein folding, A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation. Usually it is a protein or a steroid hormone.?, True, False, Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term?, Protein, Hormone, Vitamin, Cytokine, Growth factors are proteins that regulate many aspects of cellular function, including survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation.?, True, False, Growth factors and their receptors can be grouped into ‘families,’ based upon shared features of ?, Amino acid sequence, Structural of protein folding, Anatomy of protein, Protein sequence, Growth factors and their receptors can be grouped into ‘superfamilies,’ based upon shared features of ?, Amino acid sequence, Structural of protein folding, Anatomy of protein, Protein sequence, What do Growth Factors Do?, Repair damaged cells, Enhance cellular proliferation, Maintain optimum function of the target organ, Rejuvenate aging tissues, All above, Cre-Lox recombination is a site-specific recombinase technology, used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions at specific sites?, In target cell, In target animal, In DNA, In RNA, Inside of cellular cytoplasm, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a type of immunoprecipitation experimental technique used to investigate the interaction between?, Proteins and DNA outside the cell, Proteins and RNA, DNA and RNA, RNA and DNA, Proteins and DNA in the cell, An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism which is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.?, iPSc: Induced pluri-potent stem cells, MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells, ESCs: Embryonic stem cells, Stem cells, Stem cell hierarchy from top to bottom?, Totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, unipotent, Totipotent, multipotent, pluripotent, unipotent, Totipotent, pluripotent, unipotent, multipotent, Unipotent, multipotent, pluripotent, totipotent, Unipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, totipotent, Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos at a developmental stage before the time that implantation would normally occur in?, Oviduct, Uterus, Placenta, Vagina, In vitro fertilization, The first differentiation event in humans occurs at approximately ------ days of development, when an outer layer of cells committed to becoming part of the placenta (the trophectoderm) separates from the inner cell mass (ICM). ?, 1-3 day, 3-5 days, 5-7 days, 10-14 days, The ICM, inner cell mass, cells have the potential to generate any cell type of the body, after implantation, they are -------------- as they differentiate to other cell types with more limited developmental potential. ?, Quickly depleted, Change, No change, Quickly deleted, If the ICM, inner cell mass, is removed from its normal embryonic environment and cultured under appropriate conditions, the ICM-derived cells can ------------------------------------------- indefinitely and still maintain the developmental potential to form any cell type of the body?, Continue to proliferate and replicate themselves, Differentiate in to any cell types of the body, Growth and produce more different kind of cell types in the body, Still alive and growth well under appropriate conditions, Why embryonic stem cells were banned for basic research?, High cost, Risk of cancer, Violation ethic issue, All of above, What is Yamanaka’s factors?, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, C-Myc, Oct4, Sox4, Klf2, C-Myc, Oct2, Sox2, Klf4, C-Myc, Oct2, Sox4, Klf2, C-Myc, What are the gold standard transcription factors using for generating iPSc?, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, C-Myc, Oct2, Sox4, Klf4, Lin28, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Lin28, Oct4, Sox4, Nanog, Lin28, What are the criteria for achieving to generate iPSc?, A stable change in the nucleus of a mature cell, Cell can divides through mitosis, Cell be maintained and replicated, An unstable change in the nucleus of a mature cells but can be maintained and replicated through cell division, mitosis., Cell able to maintain and replication their stable change in cellular nucleus when their undergo mitosis., Why generation of iPSc is so attractive to scientist worldwide?, No controversial in term of ethical issue, and ready for use, Generation of patient-specific cell line and immune match, No concern on cancer risk, and cheap, Ease to perform with no risk of cancer and ethical issue, Every patient could generation their own cell line without concern of ethical issue and immune rejection., When the first mouse iPSc were generated and published?, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, When the first human iPSc were generated and published?, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, Why transcription factors is the most import key to generate iPSc, cell reprogramming?, They can control cell division, They can control gene expression, They can regulate cell signalling, They can regulate gene expression through cell signalling during cell division, Why transcription factor C-Myc is no longer use for generating iPSc?, It is difficult to obtain from nature, It is difficult to work with other transcription factors, It is less effective, It is not only less effective, but difficult to work with other transcription factors, and reported to generate cancer in some cases, It is reported to generate cancer in some cases, Who are/ is the pioneer of generating iPSc?, Prof. Shinya Yamanaka and his students, Prof. Shinya Yamanak and his wife, Prof. Shinya Yamanaka, Prof. Shinya Yamanaka and Sir John Gurdon, Work flow of generating iPSc?, Isolate and culture host cell, using lentinovirus, harvest cell and culture under feeder layer, get an iPSc., Isolate and culture host cell, using retrovirus, harvest cell and culture under feeder layer, get an iPSc., Isolate and culture host cell, using adenovirus, harvest cell and culture under feeder layer, get an iPSc., Isolate and culture host cell, using transcription factors, harvest cell and culture under feeder layer, get an iPSc., Mesenchymal stem cells are multi-potent stem cells which is able to differentiate to adult cell like?, Bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, and neurons, Bone, liver, fat, skin, and muscle, Bone, cartilage, and neurons, Cartilage, fat, muscle, Liver, skin, bone, and cartilage, Mesenchymal stem cells is derived from bone marrow. So they can differentiate into hematopoietic cell line.?, True, False, Mesenchymal stem cells can be extract from many types of tissue, but the most commence one is bone marrow.?, True, False, Mesenchymal stem cells can be extracted from marrow and non-marrow.?, True, False, Non-marrow origin mesenchymal stem cells EXCLUDE ?, Placenta, and umbilical cord blood, Adipose, and muscle, Dental pulp, Embryo, Morphology of mesenchymal stem cells ?, Fibroblast-like, Collagen-like, Neuron-like, Poly-conic-like, In order to identify multi-potency stem cells, ones has to undergo cellar differentiation EXCLUDE?, Bone, Cartilage, Fat, Skin, Neuron, Mesenchymal stem cells have been confirmed able to differentiated into neuron cell with function?, True, False, What is the biggest conflict of using embryonic stem cells?, Cell source, Price and outcome, Ethic, Market, What is the biggest conflict of using induced pluri-potent stem cells?, Immune rejection, Reprogram efficiency, Cancer cause, Insertion of transcription factors, What is the biggest conflict of using mesenchymal stem cells?, Homogenous nature, Heterogenous nature, Cancer cause, Ethic, What is the hierarchy of embryonic stem cells?, Toti-potent, Pluri-potent, Multi-potent, Uni-potent, What is the hierarchy of induced pluripotent stem cells?, Toti-potent, Pluri-potent, Multi-potent, Uni-potent, What is the hierarchy of mesenchymal stem cells?, Toti-potent, Pluri-potent, Multi-potent, Uni-potent, Embryonic stem cells were banned for basic research practice because it is an unethical practice. Moreover, it cannot create patient-match specific cell line.?, True, False, The biggest concern of using iPSc as a regenerative tool is the possible of cancer provoke due to infection of transcription factors.?, True, False, The disadvantage of mesenchymal stem cells is that this stem cells are heterogenous in nature which hard to purify.?, True, False, Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos at a developmental stage before the time that implantation would normally occur in the uterus. Normally, it takes about 10 days.?, True, False, The inner cell mass cells have the potential to generate any cell type of the body, but after implantation, they are quickly depleted as they differentiate to other cell types with more limited developmental potential. ?, True, False, Because ES cells can proliferate without limit and can contribute to any cell type, human ES cells offer an unprecedented access to tissues from the human body. ?, True, False, ES will support clinical research on the differentiation and function of human tissues and provide material for testing that may improve the safety and efficacy of human drugs ?, True, False, Some important human diseases are caused by the death or dysfunction of one or a few cell types, e.g., insulin-producing cells in diabetes or dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Therefore, understanding and using stem cells as tool to study this disease model provide a better understand this dysfunction of cell types.?, True, False, A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.?, True, False, Growth factors typically act as signalling molecules between cells. Examples are cytokines and hormones that bind to specific receptors on the cytoplasm of their target cells.?, True, False, Cytokines are a broad and loose category of long big proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signalling.?, True, False, Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term cytokine.?, True, False, Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term transcription factors.?, True, False, Growth factors and their receptors can be grouped into ‘families,’ based upon shared features of size and location, and into ‘superfamilies,’ based upon shared their functions.?, True, False, In transcription an mRNA chain is generated, with both strands of the DNA double helix in the genome as a template.?, True, False, Transcription can be divided into 3 stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each regulated by a large number of proteins such as transcription factors?, True, False, Transcription factor sometimes is called sequence-specific DNA-binding factor.?, True, False, Transcription factor is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from messenger RNA to DNA, by binding to a specific ribosomes.?, True, False, iPSCs were reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state by introducing genes important for maintaining the essential properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). ?, True, False, Ethical issues associated with the production of ESCs do apply to iPSCs, which offer a controversial strategy to generate patient-specific stem cell lines.?, True, False, One strategy to accomplish this goal is nuclear reprogramming, a technique that involves experimentally inducing a stable change in the nucleus of a mature cell that can then be maintained and replicated as the cell divides through mitosis. ?, True, False, Four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) sometimes is called Yamanaka’s factors.?, True, False, Yamanaka’s factors were chosen because they were known to be involved in the maintenance of pluripotency, which is the capability to generate all other cell types of the body.?, True, False, Retroviruses used to deliver the four transcription factors in the earliest studies is safe to generating iPSCs.?, True, False, All four factors are absolutely necessary. In particular, the gene c-Myc is known to promote tumor growth in some cases, which would not affect iPSC usefulness in transplantation therapies. ?, True, False, iPSc provided unlimited supplies of ________ cells could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection.?, Autologous, Xenologous, Allogous, Upon introduction of reprogramming factors, cells begin to form colonies that resemble pluripotent stem cells, which can be isolated based on their:?, Morphology, Conditions that select for their growth., Through expression of surface markers., Reporter genes., All are corrects., iPSc were generated by:?, From adult cells., Introduced Yamanaka’s factors into adult cells., Growth factors., All of above., Yamanaka’s factors were used to generating iPSc in 1st generation because:?, They are ease to use., There is no better way., They were reported to able to express gene that like embryonic stem cells., All are corrects., In the future, possible dentist can use dental pulp stem cells, 3rd mandibular molar, in cell bank due to their pluri-potent.?, True, False, In our blood, there is a small amount of stem cells which are ready to be differentiate to any cell type under the control of growth factors.?, True, False, The main reason for formation of scale is due to detraction of connective tissue.?, True, False

Try ky

etter
Skriv ut
Innebygd

Ledertavle

Visuell stil

Alternativer

Bytt mal

Gjenopprett automatisk lagring: ?