medium - the matter that a mechanical wave travels through, model - a representation of a situation which makes important aspects easy to see, wave - a disturbance that carries energy, but not matter, from one place to another, longitudinal wave - a wave in which the matter moves in a pattern parallel to the direction that the wave travels, mechanical wave - a wave in which particles of matter move back and forth, surface waves - a wave in which the matter moves in a circular pattern that is sometimes parallel and sometimes perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels, transverse waves - a wave in which the matter moves in a pattern perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels, wave cycle - one complete motion of the repeating pattern of a wave, wave pulse - a wave made of a single disturbance that does not repeat, amplitude - the size of the disturbance a wave causes in its medium, frequency - the number of wave cycles that pass a certain point in a given period of time; often expressed in wave cycles per second, or hertz (Hz), wavelength - the distance between the start of one wave cycle and the start of the next wave cycle, wave relationship - the equation that relates wave speed, frequency and wavelength (wave speed = frequency × wavelength), wave speed - the distance a wave moves in a given amount of time, constraints - in engineering, anything that limits the device design, criteria - the requirements that must be met for an engineering solution to be successful, energy - the ability to move objects or cause a change, proportional relationship - the relationship between variables that are related by a constant ratio, ratio - a relationship between two amounts that compares the two numbers by division, unit rate - the constant ratio between variables with a proportional relationship, absorption - when a wave transfers energy to the medium it is passing through, ray - a straight arrow in a diagram used to represent the direction a wave travels in, reflection - when a wave reaches a boundary between two media and bounces back, refraction - when a wave bends as it is transmitted from one medium into another medium, scale model - a representation of an system or object that is larger or smaller than the object, but all parts of the object are the same relative size, transmission - when a wave passes through the boundary between two media, lens - a curved transparent object that bends light in specific ways, light ray - a straight arrow that represents the direction a light wave travels, light wave - a model of light that explains why light carries energy, reflects, refracts, and can be absorbed or transmitted similarly to a mechanical wave, electromagnetic spectrum - the range of frequencies and wavelengths of all light waves, light intensity - the amount of energy light waves carry to an area in a certain amount of time, visible light - a part of the electromagnetic spectrum in which light waves within a certain range of frequencies can be detected by the human eye, fiber-optic cable - a cable that contains thin threads made of glass or plastic that transmit light from one end to the other, receiver - the part of a communications device that detects radio waves and changes them into other types of waves, transmitter - the part of a communications device that produces and sends out messages using waves, Wi-Fi - a technology that allows a group of devices to communicate with each other using radio wave pulses, analog encoding - describes a way of sending or storing information using a quantity that can vary continuously, binary coding - a pattern that uses only two values, such as 1s and 0s, to represent information, digital encoding - describes a way of sending or storing information using a quantity that can only have specific values, noise - unwanted, random changes to a signal, signal - anything that carries information and can be detected,

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