ping - A network utility used to test the reachability of a host on an IP network. Sends an ICMP Echo Request to the target host. Measures round-trip time and packet loss., ipconfig - A command-line tool in Windows used to display the IP configuration for all network interfaces on a computer. Shows IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway information. Useful for troubleshooting network connectivity issues., ifconfig - A command-line tool in Unix-like operating systems used to configure and display information about network interfaces. Shows details such as IP address, MAC address, and interface status. Commonly used in Linux and macOS., traceroute/tracert - A network diagnostic tool that displays the route and measures transit delays of packets across an IP network. Shows the sequence of routers or hops between the source and its destination. Measures the time taken by each hop., tracepath - Similar to traceroute, is a network tool that traces the path packets take to a destination. Provides hop-by-hop information on the path to the destination. Available on some Unix-like systems., ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) - is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network. Resolves IP addresses to hardware (MAC) addresses. Maintains a mapping table (ARP cache)., netstat - A command-line tool that displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and more. Shows active network connections and listening ports. Useful for monitoring network activity., nslookup - A command-line tool used to query DNS to obtain IP address information or a domain name. Resolves domain names to IP addresses and vice versa. Provides details about DNS records., dig - A versatile command-line tool for querying DNS name servers for information about domain names. Similar to nslookup but more powerful and flexible. Display detailed DNS information., whois - A command-line and online tool used to query databases that store information about registered domain names and IP addresses. Retrieves information about domain registrants and contact details. Useful for investigating domain ownership., route - A command-line tool used to view and manipulate the IP routing table on a computer. Displays and modifies routing table entries. Useful for managing network routes., SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) - a secure file transfer method similar to FTP but uses SSH for encryption., FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server on a computer network. Supports both anonymous and authenticated file transfers. Operates over port 21., TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - a simpler version of FTP often used for lightweight file transfers. Lacks security features compared to FTP. Primarily used for network booting and firmware updates., Finger - A command-line tool and protocol used to retrieve information about users on a network. Displays user information, login time, and more. Rarely used due to security concerns., nmap - a powerful open-source tool for network discovery and security auditing. Scans for open ports, services, and vulnerabilities. Provides detailed information about network hosts., tcpdump - A packet analyzer that allows the user to display TCP, UDP, and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which computer is attached. Captures and analyzes network traffic in real-time. Useful for troubleshooting and network analysis., Telnet - A less secure network protocol used to access and manage remote devices over a network. Transmits data in plain text., SSH - Encrypted communication for secure remote access.,

Basic Network Commands

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