Bacterial cells have been genetically engineered to produce useful substances such as human insulin to treat diabetes., A gene in the chromosome of a human or other organism., An enzyme is used to isolate ('cut out') the required gene., 'Cut out' gene., Vector, usually a bacterial plasmid or a virus, The gene is inserted into the vector., The vector is used to insert the gene into the required cell., Animal, plant or microorganism cell at early stage of development so it develops with desired characteristics..

Genetic engineering

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