Reading Fluency: In the classroom, Alex struggles to read smoothly and accurately., During reading sessions, he often pauses, rereads sentences, and guesses at words, which hampers his understanding of the text., When the class reads aloud together, Alex falls behind, unable to keep up with the pace. This makes it hard for him to participate in discussions about the reading material, and he often misses important details., Spelling Fluency: Spelling is a major hurdle for Alex., Common words often trip him up, and he struggles with recognizing word patterns and rules., During spelling tests, Alex becomes visibly anxious and frequently scores below his classmates., His difficulty with spelling also impacts his writing assignments, leading to frustration and a lack of confidence., Phonological Processing: Alex has trouble recognizing and manipulating sounds in words, such as rhyming and segmenting., He takes longer than his classmates to process verbal information, which makes it difficult for him to follow instructions and keep up during fast-paced activities or group discussions., This affects his ability to learn new words and hampers his participation in oral classroom activities., Phonological Memory: Remembering lists of words or sequences of sounds is particularly challenging for Alex., For instance, when his teacher gives a series of instructions, Alex often needs them repeated multiple times., This difficulty impacts his ability to complete tasks that require holding and processing verbal information, such as following multi-step directions., Working Memory: In math class, Alex struggles to hold and manipulate information in his mind., He often loses track midway through solving multi-step problems, forgetting the steps., This affects his performance in subjects that require sequential thinking and detailed memory, like math and science., Processing Speed: Alex’s cognitive processing speed is slower than his peers., He takes longer to complete worksheets and tests, often needing extra time., This slower processing speed makes him feel rushed and anxious during timed activities, affecting his overall performance and confidence., Orthographic Skills: Alex has difficulty recognizing word patterns and remembering the visual forms of words., He frequently confuses similar-looking words and makes errors in reading and writing., These challenges contribute to his struggles with both reading fluency and spelling, making improvement difficult., Maths Skills: While Alex performs better in math than in reading and spelling, his working memory and processing speed issues sometimes hinder his ability to solve complex problems quickly, He understands the concepts but struggles with execution under time pressure, limiting his potential to excel in math.,

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