Ethos - making yourself seem trustworthy, Pathos: - causing the audience to feel emotions like sympathy, anger, frustration , Logos - using logic, Kairos - building urgency, Evidence - facts or information to support a belief, Attacks - criticizing, belittling, or discrediting an opponent or their argument to weaken their position and strengthen one's own, Inclusive and exclusive language - Using "we" or "us" to refer to the speaker and audience, while referring to the opponent as "them," someone other, different, who is not part of the right group, Rhetorical questions - a question that doesn't expect an answer, like "Are you kidding me?", Cause and effect - outlining causes and their consequences,, Connotations - the positive or negative feelings associated with words, Analogy - a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification; ex: "the heart is like a pump", Generalizations - drawing broad conclusions from limited evidence, arguing that what's true for some is true for the majority, Humor - being funny to make the audience like you and remember your words, Jargon - language that is specific to a particular field of study; ex: "simile" and "metaphor" are used in the study of literature, Formal language - less personal, the language used in academic writing, Colloquial language - personal, informal language used in speaking, especially among friends/family, Repetition - using the same word, phrase, or sound more than once in a short passage, Hyperbole - exaggeration, Alliteration - repetition of first letter/sound in a series of words, Imagery - description using the five senses, Figurative language - poetic phrases that are not literal,

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