Protocol analyzer - Software that captures data packets traveling over a network. It allows for detailed analysis of network traffic to identify issues, monitor performance, and ensure secure data transmission., ping - Sends ICMP echo requests to a target host to test connectivity and measure round-trip time for messages sent to the target device., Traceroute/tracert - Traces the path packets take from the source to the destination, showing each hop along the route, traceroute is used on Unix/Linux, and tracert on Windows., Nslookup - Queries DNS servers to find the IP address associated with a hostname (nslookup) or to get DNS information about a domain (dig)., Tcpdump - A powerful command-line packet analyzer; it captures or filters TCP/IP packets that are received or transmitted over a network., Dig - Domain Information Groper) is a powerful command-line tool used for querying DNS (Domain) Name System) servers. Retrieves detailed information about DNS records, such as A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, and NS records., Netstat - Displays network connections (both incoming and outgoing), routing tables, and a number of network interface statistics, Ip/ifconfig/ipconfig - Displays or configures the network configuration of a device. ipconfig is used on Windows, ifconfig on older Unix/Linux systems, and ip on modern Linux systems., Arp - Displays or modifies the IP-to-MAC address translation tables used by the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)., Nmap - A network scanning tool that discovers devices and services on a network by sending packets and analyzing the responses., Link layer discovery protocol (LLDP)/ Cisco discovery protocol (CDP) - are network discovery protocols used to exchange information about devices on the same network., speed tester - is a tool used to measure the performance of a network connection by testing the upload and download speeds.,

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