Nasal cavity, Main route by which air enters the gas exchange system., Mouth, Alternative route for air to enter the respiratory system, but bypasses the cleaning, warming and moistening effects of the nasal cavity., Epiglottis, Flap of tissue that closes over the glottis during swallowing, preventing food from entering the gas exchange system., Larynx, Voice box; uses airflow to produce sounds., Trachea, Major airway leading to the bronchi. Contains mucus-secreting goblet cells and cilia that move mucus, trapped dust and microorganisms away from the lungs., Incomplete rings of cartilage, Prevent the trachea and bronchi from collapsing while allowing food to pass down the oesophagus., Left and right bronchi, Narrower tubes branching from the trachea into each lung. Divide into bronchioles., Bronchioles, Small tubes that spread throughout the lungs and end in alveoli. Primarily transport air, although some gas exchange may occur., Alveoli, Main site of gaseous exchange in the lungs., Ribs, Form a protective bony cage around the gas exchange system., Intercostal muscles, Muscles between the ribs that enable breathing movements, helping maintain steep concentration gradients for gaseous exchange., Pleural membranes, Surround the lungs and line the chest cavity, forming a sterile, sealed unit., Pleural cavity, Space between the pleural membranes containing a thin layer of lubricating fluid, allowing the membranes to slide during breathing., Diaphragm, Broad sheet of muscle and tendon forming the floor of the chest cavity. Plays an important role in breathing movements.

Respiratory system

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