Identify the device shown in the image., Autoclave (Moist heat sterilization)., What is the standard condition (Temperature, Time, and Pressure) for this device?, 121°C for 20-30 minutes at 15 psi., What is the mechanism of action for sterilization in this device?, Denaturation of proteins, Name two parts of the Autoclave and their functions based on the diagrams., Pressure Gauge: Indicates the pressure inside the autoclave. .Safety Valve (Exhaust): Stops pressure from exceeding the maximum; keeps pressure constant. , Identify the device shown, Hot Air Oven (Dry heat sterilization)., What are the standard conditions for this device?, 160-170°C for 1-2 hours., What is the mechanism of action for dry heat?, Oxidation, Give examples of materials that can be sterilized in this oven., Powders, oils, ointments, and glassware., Why can we NOT use this device for culture media?, Because it causes charring (burning)., What is the function of the "Air circulating fan" inside this oven?, Helps in uniform distribution of heat., Filtration is used for which type of liquids?, Aqueous liquids and heat-labile substances (substances destroyed by heat)., Identify the filter type, Membrane Filter., Identify the filter type, Depth Filter, identify the filter type, Sintered Glass Filter., identify the filter type , Chamberland Filter., What is the standard pore size for a membrane filter to achieve sterilization?, 0.22 micrometre or 0.45 micrometre., Which filter cannot be used for corrosive liquids?, Seitz filter and Membrane filter., Identify the "Chemical Indicator" shown in the image., Steri tape, How do you confirm successful sterilization using Steri tape?, By a color change (diagonal lines appear/darken after autoclaving)., What is the name of the microorganism used as a "Biological Indicator" for steam sterilization?, Spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus., Interpret the results of the biological indicator vial after incubation:, Spores are viable (not killed); objects are NOT sterile., Interpret the results of the biological indicator vial after incubation:, Spores were killed; objects ARE sterile., In the biological indicator vial, why must you "squeeze" the flexible vial after autoclaving?, To break the internal glass ampoule and release the nutrient medium onto the spore strip for incubation..

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