Fossil, are the preserved remains, or traces of remains, of ancient organisms, Paleontologist , a scientist who studies the history of life on Earth through the fossil record., Relative Dating , is used to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave behind, in a sequence., Law of Superposition , states that each rock layer is older than the one above it., Radiometric Dating , is a method of dating rocks and minerals using radioactive isotopes, Cambrian Explosion , Around 530 million years ago, a wide variety of animals burst onto the evolutionary scene in an event known as the Cambrian explosion., Plate Tectonics, a scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth's subterranean movements., Natural Selection, Organisms that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others, Artificial Selection, selective breeding describes the human selection of breeding pairs to produce favorable offspring. Example is dogs, cats, and seedless fruit varieties., Evolution, The process by which populations of living change over time, Derived Trait, those that just appeared (by mutation) in the most recent ancestor. Shared by a small group. Example would be the dark colored pocket mouse. , Ancestral Trait , an evolutionary trait that is homologous within groups of organisms that are all descended from a common ancestor in which the trait first evolved. Shared by a large group., Homologous Structure , Similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common ancestor , Vestigial Structure, Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor. Examples include human appendix, tail bone, wisdom teeth, Analogous Structure , features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature. Example a birds wing compared to an insect wing., Fitness, the ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring, Charles Darwin, Father of Evolution, made observations on the Galapagos Islands of finches having different sized beaks..

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