Zooming-in., When the writer focuses in on a particular character or object, to describe in greater detail., Zooming-out. , Description of the setting and/or surroundings. , Focus Shift. , When the writer changes focus onto something new. This can be identified by the introduction of a new paragraph, as this will signify the start of a new idea or topic., Beginning., This part of the text usually focuses on one of two things: characters or setting., Middle., This part of the text usually shows a build up in action., End., This part of the text usually shows the resolution., Cliff-hanger. , The text ends suddenly or unexpectedly, leaving the reader with unanswered questions., Flashback. , When the writer goes back in time to a previous point in the narrative. This can include events that have not yet been depicted., Flash-forward., When the writer jumps forward in time, to a point not previously detailed in the narrative to reveal what has happened., Linear., This type of narrative depicts events in chronological order (as they would happen in real life)., Non-linear. , This type of narrative does not follow chronological order, and often jumps about in time., Withholding Information., When the writer leaves subtle clues but does not reveal key information until it is necessary., Dialogue., This feature can demonstrate the relationship between two or more characters, making their interactions easier to read., First Person., This type of narrator is from the POV of the character., Second Person. , This type of narrator is similar to Direct Address., Third Person., This type of narrator depicts events as if someone is observing them externally., Empathy., When the reader is prompted to consider the emotions of the character., Enigma., When a text is structured to create interest and intrigue for the reader., Excitement., When a text is structured to build tension and show dramatic events..

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