Normal, imaginary line drawn at right angles (90°) to the surface where the light ray meets the boundary, Incident Ray, ray of light that approaches and strikes a surface or boundary, Reflected Ray, ray of light that bounces off a surface after hitting it, Angle of Incidence, angle between incident ray and the normal, Angle of Reflection, angle between reflected ray and the normal, Reflection Rule, angle of incidence equals angle of reflection, Reflection, bouncing of light off a surface, Refraction, bending of light as it passes from one material to another with a different optical density, Plane mirror, flat mirror that reflects light to form a virtual, upright, and laterally inverted image, Optically More Dense, material in which light travels more slowly compared to another material, Prism, transparent object with flat, angled sides that refracts and disperses light into its component colours, Spectrum, band of colours produced when white light is split by a prism, ROYGBIV, order of colours in the visible spectrum, Optically Less Dense, material in which light travels faster compared to another material, Red, colour with longest wavelength (from ROYGBIV), Violet, colour with shortest wavelength (from ROYGBIV), Convex Lens, lens thicker in the middle than at the edges, Focal Point, point where parallel rays of light meet after passing through a convex lens, Principal Focus, another term for focal point where rays of light converge, Real Image, image formed when light rays actually meet; it can be projected onto a screen, Virtual Image, image formed when light rays only appear to meet; it cannot be projected onto a screen, Inverted Image, image that is upside down compared to the object, Upright Image, image that is the same way up as the object, Diminished Image, image that is smaller than the actual object, Laterally Inverted Image, image that is flipped sideways in mirror (left and right are swapped), Angle of Refraction, angle between the refracted ray and the normal, Parallel Beam of Light, group of light rays that travel in same direction and never meet, Principal Axis, straight line that passes through centre of a lens and its focal point(s), Focal Length, distance from centre of a lens to its focal point, Dispersion, splitting of white light into its different colours (spectrum)

IGCSE Waves - Light

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