active-voiced sentences, The subject is the performer of the verb. "The coach encouraged the team.", passive-voiced sentences, Subject appears in the predicate of a sentence, acted on by the subject. "The team was encouraged by the coach.", repetition, The same words repeated for effect."I have a dream that one day that my four little children...I have a dream that one day the red hills of Georgia...", parallelism, The same grammatical pattern of words to show two or more ideas and make lists where each option has the same level of importance., verbal phrases, verbs behaving as alternative parts of speech, participle, verb behaving as an adjective, -ing, -en, -ed, gerund, -ing ending, verb behaving as a noun, "Do you mind me asking you a question?", infinitive, no tense, to _____________, introductory clause, qualifying or clarifying statement about the main clause, declarative, statement., interrogative, question (to interrogate or ask questions)?, exclamatory, exclamation!, adverb/adverbial phrase, Answers the HOW question, often end in -ly or an -ly word often begins the phrase. Also known as a modifier and should be next to the verb for clarity in a sentence. , adjective/adjective phrase, add more information about a noun in a sentence, also called a modifier because they alter or change a noun, making it more specific. Should be right next to the verb it alters or changes. , prepositional phrase, Think about these as directional words or location words/phrases. "Anything a squirrel can do to a tree...around the tree, in the tree, above the tree, below...) Look for words like "in," "on," "at," "with," "by," "under," "over," "for," "to," "of," and "about"., coordinating conjunction, FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) that often join two independent clauses (sentences that could stand alone with a subject and a verb). If the conjunction joins two complete sentences, it needs a comma before the conjunction. , subordinate clause, dependent clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Usually denote relationships like time, cause/effect, condition, contrasts, or purpose. For example: so that, whether, although, since, because , subordinate conjunction, joins an independent clause (complete sentence) with a subordinate clause. If it falls in the middle of a sentence, the punctuation patter is: Complete setence; conjunction (although, however, therefore) followed by a comma, and then, the second complete sentence..

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