carbohydrates - Food belonging to the food group consisting of sugars, starch and cellulose., carbon dioxide - A gaseous compound of carbon and oxygen, which is a by-product of respiration, and which is needed by plants for photosynthesis., chlorophyll - green chemical inside the chloroplasts of plant cells. It enables photosynthesis to take place., chloroplast - Contains the green pigment chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis., denatured - structure and function of an enzyme is altered. This can be caused by heat, altered pH or by chemical agents., enzyme - protein which catalyses or speeds up a chemical reaction., glucose - A simple sugar used by cells for respiration., humidity - The amount of water vapour in the atmosphere measured as a percentage., inversely proportional - relationship between two variables where as one variable increases, the other variable decreases, limiting factor - A factor which, if in short supply limits or reduces the rate of photosynthesis, eg temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration., minerals - necessary for both plant and animal health., photosynthesis - chemical process used by plants to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, using light energy., aerobic - Respiration that requires oxygen, anaerobic - Without oxygen., ethanol - alcohol which is produced as a result of fermentation of sugars by yeast, lactic acid - toxic chemical produced during anaerobic respiration., metabolism - All the chemical reactions in the cells of an organism, including respiration., mitochondria - Structures in the cytoplasm of all cells where aerobic respiration takes place, oxygen debt - amount of extra oxygen required by the body for recovery after vigorous exercise., bubble per min - show the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed,

B4.4 Bioenergetics

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