R v. White - Created the 'but for' test: 'But for' D's conduct would the consequence have occurred? , R v. Pagett - 'But for' the defendant shooting at the police, the victim would not have died. , R v. Blaue - Thin skull rule - D must take the victim as they are, R v. Jordan - Bad medical treatment will break the chain if it can be described as 'grossly negligent' and D was no longer significant contribution, R v. Cheshire - If D remains to be a significant contribution, then the chain of causation will not be broken. , R v. Smith - If wounds are still substantial and operating, D will be legal cause. , R v. Roberts - V's actions will not break chain if they are reasonably foreseeable, R v. Williams - V jumping out of a car was not reasonably foreseeable , R v. Kimsey - In order to be determined as the legal cause. D must have been more than a minimal cause. (De minimis test) ,

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