Causes, Failure of Spring offensive, Hindenberg line (defences) breached, Allied ‘offensives’ Marne + Amiens, British Naval Blockade, Despair on German ‘Home Front’, Military want favourable ‘peace terms’, Germany losing the War, 2 million German military deaths, Consequences , German Generals pressure the Kaiser, Breakdown of military discipline , Kiel mutiny, Widespread strikes + protests, Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates (9 Nov), Friedrich Ebert (SPD) forms a provisional government , Morale collapsed (War + home fronts), Political ‘vacuum’, Outcomes, Germany declared a Democratic Republic, Elections held - January 1919, Ebert elected first President , Republic signs Armistice (11 November), New Constitution drawn up’, Ebert - Groener Pact, SPD forms coalition with Centre and DDP, Faces immediate challenge from the Spartacists.
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The German Revolution 1918/19
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Bottd
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Modern German History
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