Was born in ____ on February 12, ____. Grew up at a time when the ____ of the natural world was shifting dramatically. Developed a scientific theory of biological ____ that explains how modern organisms ____ over long periods of time through descent from common ____. Darwin was invited to sail on the ____’s five-year voyage mapping the coastline of ____. Darwin planned to collect specimens of ____ and ____ on the voyage. No one knew it, but this would be one of the most important scientific voyages in history. ____ of evolution. Proposed a mechanism for evolution, natural ____. Darwin went on a ____-year trip around the world on the ship, the HMS Beagle. As the ship’s naturalist, he made observations of organisms in south America and the ____. Wrote a book, “____”. Charles Darwin collected specimens of ____, ____ and ____ during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, as well as rocks and geological samples. Why is variation important? Because the environment changes. The more variation within a species, the more likely it will survive. EX: If everyone is the same, they are all ____ to the same environmental ____ or ____. The ____ variation of types of species in an ____, the more likely at least some will ____. EX: Dinosaurs replaced by ____. Fossil record - a ____ of the history of ____ on ____. Fossils provide a record of species that ____ long ago. Fossils show that ancient ____ share ____ with species that now ____ on Earth. Artificial selection - To find an explanation for ____ in ____, Darwin studied change produced by ____ and ____ breeders. Breeders knew that individual organisms vary, and that some of this variation could be passed from ____ to ____ and used to improve crops and livestock. For example, ____ would select for breeding only ____ that produced the largest ____ or cows that produced the most ____. Over time, this selective ____ would produce trees with even ____ fruit and cows that gave even ____ milk. Functionally similar ____ can evolve independently in similar ____ through a process called ____ evolution.

Chapter 16 - Evolution - Charles Darwin

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